I-alloy material eyenziwe kwikhompawundi enzima yentsimbi ephikisayo kunye nentsimbi ye-binder ngokusebenzisa inkqubo ye-metallurgy powder. I-carbide enesamente inothotho lweempawu ezibalaseleyo ezinjengokuqina okuphezulu, ukumelana nokunxiba, ukomelela okulungileyo kunye nokuqina, ukuxhathisa ubushushu kunye nokumelana nokubola, ngakumbi ubunzima bayo obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokunxiba, okuhlala kungatshintshi nakwiqondo lobushushu le-500 ° C, isenayo. ubunzima obuphezulu kwi-1000 ℃. I-Carbide isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengezixhobo zesixhobo, ezifana nezixhobo zokuguqula, abasiki bemilling, abacwangcisi, iidrili, izixhobo ezikruqulayo, njl. kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukusika Izinto ezinzima kumatshini ezifana nentsimbi enganyangekiyo, insimbi engenasici, intsimbi ephezulu ye-manganese, insimbi yensimbi, njl.
Ukusetyenziswa kwekhabhide enesamente
(1) Isixhobo sezixhobo
I-Carbide sesona sixa sikhulu sezixhobo zesixhobo, esinokusetyenziswa ukwenza izixhobo zokujika, abasiki bemilling, abacwangcisi, iidrili, njl.njl. Phakathi kwazo, i-tungsten-cobalt carbide ilungele ukusetyenzwa kwe-chip emfutshane yesinyithi kunye ne-non-ferrous metal kunye nokusetyenzwa kwe-carbide. izinto ezingezizo ezentsimbi, ezifana nentsimbi, ubhedu, i-bakelite, njl.; I-tungsten-titanium-cobalt carbide ilungele ukusetyenzwa kwexesha elide lesinyithi esinentsimbi njengentsimbi. Umatshini weChip. Phakathi kwama-alloys afanayo, abo banomxholo ongaphezulu we-cobalt bafanelekile ukukhwabanisa, kwaye abo banomxholo omncinci we-cobalt bafanelekile ukugqiba. Ii-carbides ezinesamente ezinenjongo ngokubanzi zinobomi obude bokusebenza ngakumbi kunezinye iikhabhide ezisamente kwizinto ezinzima kumatshini ezifana nentsimbi engenasici.
(2) Izinto zokungunda
I-carbide enesamente isetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukufa okubandayo okufana nomzobo obandayo uyafa, ukubetha ngenqindi okubandayo kuyafa, i-extrusion ebandayo iyafa, kunye ne-pier ebandayo iyafa.
Intloko ebandayo yeCarbide iyafa iyafuneka ukuba ibe nefuthe elihle lokuqina, ukuqina kokwaphuka, amandla okudinwa, amandla okugoba kunye nokumelana nokunxiba okufanelekileyo phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza ezixhathisayo zempembelelo okanye impembelelo enamandla. I-cobalt ephakathi kunye nephezulu kunye namabakala aphakathi kunye nama-coarse grain alloy ahlala esetyenziswa, njenge-YG15C.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ubudlelwane phakathi kokumelana nokunxiba kunye nokuqina kwe-carbide ene-cemented iyaphikisana: ukonyuka kokumelana nokunxiba kuya kukhokelela ekwehleni kokuqina, kwaye ukonyuka kokuqina kuya kukhokelela ekwehleni kokumelana nokunxiba. Ngoko ke, xa ukhetha amabakala e-alloy, kuyimfuneko ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zokusetyenziswa ngokwento yokucubungula kunye neemeko zokusebenza.
Ukuba ibakala elikhethiweyo lixhomekeke ekuqhekekeni kwangaphambili kunye nomonakalo ngexesha lokusetyenziswa, ibakala elinokuqina okuphezulu kufuneka likhethwe; ukuba ibakala elikhethiweyo lixhomekeke ekunxibeni kwangaphambili kunye nokulimala ngexesha lokusetyenziswa, ibakala elinobunzima obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokunxiba okungcono kufuneka kukhethwe. . Amabakala alandelayo: YG15C, YG18C, YG20C, YL60, YG22C, YG25C Ukusuka kwesobunxele ukuya kwesokudla, ubunzima buyancipha, ukuxhatshazwa kokugqoka kuyancipha, kwaye ukunyuka kwanda; ngokuchaseneyo, okwahlukileyo kuyinyaniso.
(3) Izixhobo zokulinganisa kunye namalungu angagugiyo
I-Carbide isetyenziselwa i-inlays ebusweni obunganyangekiyo kunye neenxalenye zezixhobo zokulinganisa, iibheringi ezichanekileyo ze-grinders, iipleyiti zesikhokelo kunye neentonga zesikhokelo zegrinder ezingenaziko, iintambo eziphezulu kunye nezinye iindawo ezinqabileyo.
Iintsimbi ezibophezelayo ziqhelekile ziintsimbi zeqela lentsimbi, ngokuqhelekileyo icobalt kunye nenickel.
Xa kuveliswa i-carbide ene-cemented, ubukhulu be-particle ye-powder eluhlaza ekhethiweyo iphakathi kwe-1 kunye ne-2 microns, kwaye ubunyulu buphezulu kakhulu. Izinto eziluhlaza zixutywe ngokuhambelana nomlinganiselo omiselweyo wokubunjwa, kunye notywala okanye enye imidiya yongezwa ekusileni okumanzi kwi-mill yebhola emanzi ukuze ixutywe ngokupheleleyo kwaye ixutywe. Sieve umxube. Emva koko, umxube uhlanjululwe, ucinezelwe, kwaye ushushu kwiqondo lokushisa elisondeleyo kwindawo yokunyibilika yensimbi ye-binder (1300-1500 ° C), isigaba esinzima kunye nentsimbi ye-binder iya kwenza i-eutectic alloy. Emva kokupholisa, izigaba ezilukhuni zisasazwa kwigridi ehlanganiswe nentsimbi edibeneyo kwaye idibene ngokusondeleyo ukuze yenze yonke into eqinile. Ubunzima be-carbide ene-cemented buxhomekeke kumxholo wesigaba esinzima kunye nobukhulu beenkozo, oko kukuthi, umgangatho ophezulu wesigaba sobunzima kunye nobukhulu beengqolowa, ubukhulu becala. Ukuqina kwe-carbide ene-cemented kunqunywe yintsimbi ye-binder. Okukhona iphezulu isiqulatho sesinyithi esibophezelayo, kokukhona siphezulu amandla aguquguqukayo.
Ngomnyaka we-1923, uSchlerter waseJamani wongeza i-10% ukuya kwi-20% ye-cobalt kwi-tungsten carbide powder njenge-binder, kwaye wayila i-alloy entsha ye-tungsten carbide kunye ne-cobalt. Ubunzima bukwisibini kuphela kwidayimane. I-carbide yokuqala eyenziwe ngesamente. Xa usika intsimbi kunye nesixhobo esenziwe ngolu hlobo, i-cut cut iya kuguga ngokukhawuleza, kwaye kwanomgca wokusika uya kuphazamiseka. Ngomnyaka we-1929, u-Schwarzkov e-United States wongezelela inani elithile le-tungsten carbide kunye ne-titanium carbide compound carbides kwi-original composition, eyaphucula ukusebenza kwesixhobo kwintsimbi yokusika. Le yenye impumelelo kwimbali yophuhliso lwekhabhide enesamente.
I-carbide enesamente inothotho lweempawu ezibalaseleyo ezinjengokuqina okuphezulu, ukumelana nokunxiba, ukomelela okulungileyo kunye nokuqina, ukuxhathisa ubushushu kunye nokumelana nokubola, ngakumbi ubunzima bayo obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokunxiba, okuhlala kungatshintshi nakwiqondo lobushushu le-500 ° C, isenayo. ubunzima obuphezulu kwi-1000 ℃. I-Carbide isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengezixhobo zesixhobo, ezifana nezixhobo zokuguqula, abasiki bemilling, abacwangcisi, iidrili, izixhobo ezikruqulayo, njl. kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukusika Izinto ezinzima kumatshini ezifana nentsimbi enganyangekiyo, insimbi engenasici, intsimbi ephezulu ye-manganese, insimbi yensimbi, njl.
I-Carbide ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza izixhobo zokwemba amatye, izixhobo zokomba, izixhobo zokomba, izixhobo zokulinganisa, iindawo ezingagugiyo, iibrasives zentsimbi, ii-cylinder liners, iibheringi ezichanekileyo, imilomo, iimolds zetsimbi (ezifana nomzobo wocingo uyafa, ibholithi iyafa, i-nut iyafa. , kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokubumba i-fastener, ukusebenza okugqwesileyo kwe-carbide ene-cemented ngokuthe ngcembe kuthathe indawo ye-molds yentsimbi yangaphambili).
Emva kwexesha, i-carbide enesamente ecandiweyo nayo yaphuma. Ngowe-1969, iSweden yaphuhlisa ngempumelelo isixhobo se-titanium carbide coated. Isiseko sesixhobo yi-tungsten-titanium-cobalt carbide okanye i-tungsten-cobalt carbide. Ubunzima be-titanium carbide coating on the surface kuphela i-microns ezimbalwa, kodwa xa kuthelekiswa nohlobo olufanayo lwezixhobo ze-alloy, Ubomi benkonzo bandiswa ngamaxesha angama-3, kwaye isantya sokusika sande ngama-25% ukuya kuma-50%. Ngeminyaka yoo-1970, kwavela isizukulwana sesine sezixhobo ezigqunyiweyo zokusika izinto ezinzima kumatshini.
Igalelwa njani i-carbide enesamente?
I-Cemented carbide yimathiriyeli yentsimbi eyenziwe ngumgubo wesinyithi we-carbides kunye nesinyithi esibophezelayo sentsimbi enye okanye ngaphezulu.
Mamazwe asakhulayo
Kukho amazwe angaphezu kwama-50 ehlabathini avelisa i-carbide ene-cemented, kunye nesiphumo esipheleleyo se-27,000-28,000t-. Abavelisi abaphambili yi-United States, iRashiya, iSweden, iChina, iJamani, iJapan, i-United Kingdom, iFransi, njl njl. , ukhuphiswano lweemarike lunzima kakhulu. Ishishini laseTshayina lesamente le-carbide laqala ukumila ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1950. Ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1960 ukuya koo-1970, ishishini laseTshayina lesamente le-carbide lakhula ngokukhawuleza. Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yee-1990, umthamo wemveliso we-China we-cemented carbide ufikelele kwi-6000t, kwaye imveliso epheleleyo ye-carbide ene-cemented yafikelela kwi-5000t, okwesibini kuphela eRashiya nase-United States, ikwindawo yesithathu emhlabeni.
Umsiki weWC
①I-tungsten kunye ne-cobalt enesamente carbide
Amacandelo aphambili yi-tungsten carbide (WC) kunye ne-binder cobalt (Co).
Ibanga lalo liqulunqwe "YG" ("inzima kunye ne-cobalt" kwi-Chinese Pinyin) kunye nepesenti yomxholo we-cobalt ophakathi.
Umzekelo, i-YG8 ithetha umndilili we-WCo=8%, kwaye enye yi-tungsten-cobalt carbide ye-tungsten carbide.
Iimela ze-TIC
②I-tungsten-titanium-cobalt carbide
Amacandelo aphambili yi-tungsten carbide, titanium carbide (TiC) kunye ne-cobalt.
Ibakala layo lenziwe "YT" ("hard, titanium" abalinganiswa ababini kwi-Chinese Pinyin prefix) kunye nomxholo ophakathi we-titanium carbide.
Umzekelo, i-YT15 ithetha i-avareji ye-WTi=15%, kwaye enye yi-tungsten carbide kunye ne-tungsten-titanium-cobalt carbide enomxholo we-cobalt.
Isixhobo se-Titanium Tantalum yeTungsten
③I-tungsten-titanium-tantalum (niobium) i-carbide enesamente
Amacandelo aphambili yi-tungsten carbide, i-titanium carbide, i-tantalum carbide (okanye i-niobium carbide) kunye ne-cobalt. Olu hlobo lwekhabhide enesamente ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-carbide enesamente ngokubanzi okanye i-universal cemented carbide.
Ibakala layo lenziwe ngo-“YW” (isimaphambili sefonetiki saseTshayina sika-“hard” kunye no-“wan”) kunye nenombolo yolandelelwano, njenge-YW1.
Iimpawu zokusebenza
Carbide Welded Insets
Ubunzima obuphezulu (86～93HRA, ngokulingana no-69～81HRC);
Ukuqina okuhle kwe-thermal (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-900～1000℃, gcina i-60HRC);
Ukumelana kakuhle ne-abrasion.
Izixhobo zokusika i-Carbide zi-4 ukuya kwamaxesha angama-7 ngokukhawuleza kunentsimbi ephezulu, kwaye ubomi besixhobo bu-5 ukuya kumaxesha angama-80 aphezulu. Ukuvelisa i-molds kunye nezixhobo zokulinganisa, ubomi benkonzo bungama-20 ukuya kuma-150 amaxesha aphakamileyo ngaphezu kwensimbi yensimbi ye-alloy. Inokusika izinto eziqinileyo malunga ne-50HRC.
Nangona kunjalo, i-carbide ene-cemented i-brittle kwaye ayikwazi umatshini, kwaye kunzima ukwenza izixhobo ezidibeneyo ezinemilo enzima. Ngoko ke, ii-blades zemilo ehlukeneyo zihlala zenziwe, ezifakwe kwisixhobo somzimba okanye umzimba wokubumba nge-welding, i-bonding, i-clamping mechanical, njl.
Ibha enemilo ekhethekileyo
Sintering
Ukubumba i-carbide sintering ye-cemented kukucinezela umgubo kwi-billet, kwaye emva koko ungene kwiziko lokutshisa ukutshisa kwiqondo elithile lobushushu (ubushushu be-sintering), uyigcine ixesha elithile (ukubamba ixesha), kwaye emva koko uyipholise ukuze ufumane i-cemented. izinto ze-carbide ezineempawu ezifunekayo.
Inkqubo ye-samente ye-carbide sintering inokohlulwa ibe ngamanqanaba amane asisiseko:
1: Kwinqanaba lokususa i-arhente yokwenza kunye ne-pre-sintering, umzimba we-sintered utshintsha ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Ukususwa kwe-ejenti yokubumba, kunye nokunyuka kweqondo lokushisa kwinqanaba lokuqala le-sintering, i-ejenti yokubumba ngokuthe ngcembe ibola okanye i-vaporize, kwaye umzimba we-sintered awubandakanywa. Uhlobo, ubuninzi kunye nenkqubo ye-sintering yahlukile.
Iioksidi kumphezulu womgubo ziyancipha. Kwiqondo lobushushu le-sintering, i-hydrogen inokunciphisa i-oxides ye-cobalt kunye ne-tungsten. Ukuba i-arhente yokwenza isuswe kwi-vacuum kwaye i-sintered, i-carbon-oxygen reaction ayinamandla. Ukuxinzezeleka koqhagamshelwano phakathi kweengqungquthela zepowder kupheliswa ngokuthe ngcembe, i-powder yensimbi edibeneyo iqala ukubuyisela kwaye iphinde ihlaziye, i-surface diffusion iqala ukwenzeka, kwaye amandla e-briquetting aphuculwe.
2: Inqanaba eliqinileyo lenqanaba le-sintering (800℃–ubushushu be-eutectic)
Kwiqondo lokushisa ngaphambi kokubonakala kwesigaba se-liquid, ngaphezu kokuqhubeka nenkqubo yesigaba sangaphambili, ukuphendulwa kwesigaba esiqinileyo kunye nokusabalalisa kuqiniswa, ukuhamba kweplastiki kuphuculwe, kwaye umzimba we-sintered uyancipha kakhulu.
3: Ulwelo isigaba sintering isigaba (ubushushu eutectic - sintering ubushushu)
Xa isigaba se-liquid sibonakala kumzimba we-sintered, i-shrinkage igqitywe ngokukhawuleza, ilandelwa ukuguqulwa kwe-crystallographic ukwenza isakhiwo esisisiseko kunye nesakhiwo se-alloy.
4: Inqanaba lokupholisa (ubushushu be-sintering - ubushushu begumbi)
Ngeli nqanaba, isakhiwo kunye nokwakhiwa kwesigaba se-alloy kunotshintsho oluthile kunye neemeko zokupholisa ezahlukeneyo. Eli nqaku lingasetyenziselwa ukutshisa i-carbide ene-cemented ukuphucula iimpawu zayo zomzimba kunye noomatshini.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-11-2022
