Izixhobo zesabelo ezenziwe nge-contraund enzima yentsimbi yeRecractory kunye nentsimbi ye-binder ngenkqubo yensimbi yomgubo. I-carbide yamandla inothotho lwezinto ezibalaseleyo ezinjengobuqili, amandla amahle kunye nokunyangwa kobushushu, ngakumbi kunobuqili obuphakathiyo kwi-1000 ℃. I-carbide isetyenziswa njengezixhobo, ezinjengokuguqula izixhobo, iipleyiti, izixhobo zentsimbi, kwaye zinokusika intsimbi, intsimbi enesitayile, njl. Njl. Izixhobo ze-carbide ngoku zingamakhulu amatye wensimbi yekhabhoni.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-carbide yesandisi
(1) Isixhobo isixhobo
I-carbide yeyona nto inkulu yesixhobo, enokusetyenziselwa ukwenza izixhobo, ii-Millings, iindidi, i-cungs, i-tungsten-coult, i-Borclite, njl.; I-Tungsten-Titanium-Cobanium ye-tungste-cobatide ilungele ukuqhubekeka kwexesha elide lweentsimbi ezibi ezinje ngentsimbi. I-Chip Maching. Phakathi kwezinto ezifanayo zesabelo, ezo zinomxholo we-Cobabart ngakumbi zilungele oomatshini oburhabaxa, kwaye ezo zinomxholo omncinci we-cobalt zilungele ukugqiba. I-carbides eqhelekileyo-jikelele ye-caridedes inobomi obude kakhulu kunolunye uhlobo lwezinto ezinesidingo kwizinto ezinzima-zomatshini ezifana nentsimbi engenasiseko.
(2) Izinto eziMnyama
I-carbide yamandla ikakhulu isetyenziselwa ukubanda isebenza ifa ifa njengokubekwa kwesikhuba, ukungcungcutheka okubandayo, ukugxothwa okubandayo, kunye nepier ebandayo iyafa.
I-carbide ebandayo ibandayo ifayo kufuneka inobunzima obuhle, ukuqhekeka kokukhathalela amandla, amandla okudinwa, ukugoba kunye nokunxiba okuhle phantsi kwempembelelo yokunxiba okanye ifuthe elinqabileyo. Amanqanaba aphakathi aphakathi kunye namanqanaba aphakathi kunye namanqanaba aphakathi kunye namanqanaba asetyenziswayo asetyenziswa, njenge-yg15c.
Ngokubanzi, ubudlelwane phakathi kokungaxhathisi nobunzima be-carbide ye-carbide buyakhokelela ekunciphiseni kobunzima, kwaye ukwanda kwengcelele kuya kukhokelela ekunciphiseni kokuncipha. Ke ngoko, xa ukhetha amabanga akwa-ALay, kuya kufuneka ukuba ufezekise iimfuno ezithile zokusebenzisa ngokokwenza into yokusebenza kunye neemeko zokusebenza.
Ukuba iBakala elikhethiweyo lithambekele ekuqokeleleni kwangoko kunye nomonakalo ngexesha lokusetyenziswa, ibakala elinobunzima obuphezulu kufuneka lukhethwe; Ukuba iBakala elikhethiweyo lithambekele ekunxibelweni kwangoko kunye nomonakalo ngexesha lokusetyenziswa, ibakala elinobunzima obuphezulu kunye nokunxiba okungcono kuya kukhethwa. . La mabakala alandelayo: yg15c, yg18c, yg28c, yg22c, yg25c ukusuka ngasekhohlo ukuya ekunene, ubunzima buyehla, kwaye ukhula luyancipha; Ngokuchasene noko, okuchaseneyo kuyinyani.
(3) Ukulinganisa izixhobo kunye neenxalenye zokunganyangeki
I-carbide isetyenziselwa ukuqunjelwa komhlaba onganyangekiyo kunye neenxalenye zezixhobo zokulinganisa, ukuchaneka kweepleyiti ze-grinders, ezikhokelayo ze-GATE kunye neziKhokelo ze-Gress ezingenazikhuselo, iintloko zamatyala kunye nezinye iindawo ezingaphili.
Izinyithi ze-Binder ziintsimbi ze-iron ye-iron, eqhelekileyo ne-cobabalt kunye ne-nickel.
Xa ubume bemveliso ye-carbide, ubungakanani be-suricle ye-powder ekhethiweyo ephakathi iphakathi kwe-1 ne-microns, kwaye ubunyulu buphezulu kakhulu. Izinto ezingafunekiyo zibulawa ngokomyinge omiselweyo, kunye notywala okanye obunye nemithombo yeendaba zongezwa kwi-stound emanzi kwi-GALT kwi-Gol Got Got kwaye ikhutshelwe. Yibambe umxube. Emva koko, umxube ugxothiwe, ucinezelwe, kwaye wafudusela kubushushu osondeleyo kwindawo yokunyibilika kwentsimbi ye-Binder (1300-1500 ° C), isigaba esinzima kunye nentsimbi ye-binder iya kwenza i-ETEECT. Emva kokupholisa, izigaba ezilukhuni zisasazwa kwigridi equkethwe yintsimbi yentsimbi kwaye ihambelana kakhulu nomnye ukwenza into eqinileyo. Ubulukhuni be-carbide oxwili kuxhomekeke kumxholo onzima kunye nobukhulu beenkozo, oko kukuthi, okuphezulu kwinqanaba elinzima lomxholo kwaye ulunge ngakumbi ubulukhuni. Ubunzima be-carbide yamandla bumiselwa yintsimbi ye-binder. Phezulu komxholo wesinyithi we-binder, okuphezulu kumandla abo atshileyo.
Ngo-1923, i-schlerter yeJamani yongeze i-10% ukuya kwi-20% ye-cobalt ukuya kwi-tungsten powder njenge-tungslide powder njenge-binder, kwaye ithathe i-carbide entsha ye-tungsten kunye ne-cobalt. Ubunzima bukwisibini kuphela kwidayimani. I-carbide yokuqala ye-wadide eyenziwe. Xa usike intsimbi ngesixhobo esenziwe ngalo i-alloy, umda osikiweyo uya kudinwa ngokukhawuleza, kwaye nkqu nomda osikiweyo uya kuqhekeza. Ngo-1929, uSchwarzkov e-United States wongeza isixa esithile se-tungsten ye-tungsten kunye ne-titanium carbide ye-carbide ye-carbide yokwakha indawo yokwenziwa kwesixhobo kwintsimbi. Le yenye impumelelo kwimbali yophuhliso lwamagqabantshintshi.
I-carbide yamandla inothotho lwezinto ezibalaseleyo ezinjengobuqili, amandla amahle kunye nokunyangwa kobushushu, ngakumbi kunobuqili obuphakathiyo kwi-1000 ℃. I-carbide isetyenziswa njengezixhobo, ezinjengokuguqula izixhobo, iipleyiti, izixhobo zentsimbi, kwaye zinokusika intsimbi, intsimbi enesitayile, njl. Njl. Izixhobo ze-carbide ngoku zingamakhulu amatye wensimbi yekhabhoni.
I-carbide ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza izixhobo zokuntywila kwamatye, izixhobo zemigodi, izixhobo zokuntywila, izixhobo zokulinganisa, i-iron ifa, i-birs, i-imples, i-imples, i-imple ye-with ye-carbide yasasaza i-carbide yangaphambili).
Emva kwexesha, i-carbide ye-carbide yedikethi yeza kwaphuma. Ngo-1969, uSweden waphuhlisa ngempumelelo isixhobo esinemidiza somthi. Isiseko sesixhobo sisixhobo se-tungsten-titanium-titanium-cobatide okanye i-tungsten-coabalt carbide. Ubungqingqwa bokuthintela i-titanium ye-titanium kumphezulu kuphela kwemicrons, kodwa kuthelekiswa nohlobo olufanayo lwezixhobo ze-alloy, inkonzo yobomi inyuke ngama-3% ukuya kwi-50% ukuya kwi-50%. Ngeminyaka yee-1970, isizukulwana sesine seeqhinga ezihlanganisiweyo zabonakala ukuba zisike izinto ezinzima-zoomatshini.
Bunjani i-carbide ye-caride?
I-carbide ye-carbide sisixhobo sesinyithi eyenziwe ngumgubo we-carbides ye-carbides kunye neentsimbi zebhanti ye-binder ye-metals enye okanye ezingaphezulu.
MI-Ajor Ukuvelisa Amazwe
Kukho amazwe angaphezu kwama-50 emhlabeni ovelisa i-carbide yamadlelo, enemveliso epheleleyo yama-27,000-28,000-. Abavelisi abaphambili bayi-United States, iRussia, iSweden, iChina, iJamani, iJapan, i-United Kingdom Imarike yeHlabathi yeHlabathi igcwalisiwe. , ukhuphiswano lwentengiso luphela. Imveliso ye-carbide yase-China yaqala ukwenziwa ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1950. Ukususela ngo-1960 ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka yoo-1970, ishishini lika-China le-China laliziingdom zaphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza. Ebutsheni bowe-1990s, amandla e-China i-China ye-carbide yesandisi efikelela kwi-6000t, kwaye impahla iyonke ye-carbide ye-Debide yafika kwi-5000t, yesibini kuphela eya eRussia kunye ne-United States, ikwisithathu kwiLizwe.
I-WC Cutter
I-①tungsten kunye ne-cobalt ye-calbide
Izinto eziphambili ze-tungsten carbide (WC) kunye ne-binder cobalt (CO).
Ibakala layo lidityaniswe "yg" ("i-hard kunye ne-cobalt" kwi-pinyin yaseTshayina) kunye nepesenti yomxholo ophakathi we-cobalt.
Umzekelo, yg8 kuthetha i-avareji ye-WCO = 8%, kwaye okuseleyo kukuthintela i-tungsten-cobalt ye-carbide ye-tungsten carbide.
Iimpethu
I-②tungsten-titanium-cobatide
Izinto eziphambili ze-tungsten carbide, i-titanium ye-titanium ye-titanium (iTic) kunye neCobabat.
Ibakala layo liqulunqwe "yt" ("i-hard, titanium" ezimbini ezimbini kwi-Chinefin Prefix) kunye nomxholo ophakathi we-titanium carbide.
Umzekelo, yt15 kuthetha i-avareji ye-WTI = I-15%, kwaye ezinye ze-tungsten carbide kunye ne-tungsten-titanium-titanium-cobatide ye-cabalt yomxholo.
Isixhobo seTungsten Titanium Tantallum
I-③tungsten-titanium-tenatium (i-Niobium) i-carbide ye-carbide
Izinto eziphambili ze-tungsten carbide, i-titanium carbide, i-tenalm carbide (okanye i-niobium ye-carbide) kunye neCobabat. Olu hlobo lwe-carbide yamandla lubizwa ngokuba yi-carbide eqhelekileyo okanye i-carbide ye-subfide.
Ibakala layo liqulunqwa "yW" (i-Chinese yeFowuni yeFowuni "ye-Chinese") kunye nenombolo yokulandelelana, njenge-YW1.
Iimpawu zentsebenzo
Ukufakwa kwe-carbide fansed
Ubunzima obuphezulu (86 ~ 93hra, elingana ne-69 ~ 81hrc);
Ubunzima obuhle (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-900 ~ 1000 ℃, gcina i-60hrc);
Ukunganyangeki kwe-arasion.
Izixhobo zokusika i-carbide zizihlandlo ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-7 ngokukhawuleza kunensimbi yesantya esiphezulu, kunye nesixhobo sobomi singama-5 ukuya kuma-80 amaxesha aphezulu. Imveliso yemveliso kunye nezixhobo zokulinganisa, inkonzo yobomi ngama-20 ukuya kwi-150 amaxesha aphezulu kuneso sixhobo sesixhobo se-Aloty. Ingazisika izixhobo ezinzima malunga ne-50hrc.
Nangona kunjalo, i-carbide ye-carbide i-brittle kwaye ayinakuphela, kwaye kunzima ukwenza izixhobo ezibalulekileyo ezinemilo ezintsonkothileyo. Ke ngoko, amagqabi eemilo ezahlukeneyo ahlala esenziwa, ezifakwe kwiMizimba yeZixhobo okanye iMizimba yokuBumba ngokwenza i-welding, i-bonding, umatshini wokuvutha, njl.
Ibha ekhethekileyo
Ukuthoba
Ukuphazamiseka kwe-carbide ye-carbide yokubumba kukucofa umgubo ungene kwi-billle, emva koko ungene kwiziko lokufumana ubushushu obuthile (iqondo lokushisa), kwaye liyiphole ixesha lokufumana izinto ezifihlakeleyo ze-carbide.
Inkqubo yokuqonda ye-carbide ye-carbide inokwahlulwa ibe ngamanqanaba amane osisiseko:
1: Kwinqanaba lokususa iarhente yesakhiwo kunye nokutya kwangaphambili, itshintshe imizimba esoyiweyo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Ukususwa kwe-arhente yokubumba, ngokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kwinqanaba lokuqala lesono, iarhente yokubumba ngokuthe ngcembe iwola okanye ivalwe, kwaye umzimba owenziweyo akabandakanyi. Uhlobo, ubungakanani kunye nenkqubo yokutya kwahlukile.
I-oxidas kumphezulu womgubo zincitshisiwe. Kwiqondo lokushisa lokwenza, i-hydrogen inganciphisa ii-oxias zeCobalt kunye neTungsten. Ukuba iarhente yokuseka isuswe kwi-vacuum kwaye inyikima, i-carbon-oxygen yeoksijini ayomelelanga. Uxinzelelo loqhakamshelwano phakathi kwamasuntswana epolayo ashenxiswa ngokuthe ngcembe, umgubo wentsimbi eqhumayo uqalisa ukubuyela kwakhona kwaye uqalise ukuphinda wenzeke, kwaye amandla angaphezulu aqala ukubakho, kwaye amandla omzimba aphuculwe.
I-2: inqanaba lesigaba sokulinganisa sentente (i-800 ℃ -etectic Iqondo lobushushu)
Kumaqondo obushushu ngaphambi kokubonakala kwesigaba solwelo, ukongeza ekuqhubekeni kwenkqubo yexesha elidlulileyo, ukusabela kwesigaba esiqinileyo kunye nokuhamba kweplastiki kuyakhula, kwaye umzimba owenziweyo uyancipha kakhulu.
I-3: Isigaba senqanaba le-ratering ye-Tatering
Xa isigaba solwelo sivela kwibhunga elinesoyikayo, i-shrinkage igqityiwe ngokukhawuleza, ilandelwa yinguqu ye-crystagraphic ukwenza isakhiwo esisisiseko kunye nolwakhiwo lwe-alloy.
I-4: Inqanaba lokupholisa (ubushushu bokwenza ubushushu begumbi)
Kweli nqanaba, isakhiwo kunye nokuqulunqwa kwesigaba se-alloy sinotshintsho kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokupholisa. Eli nqaku lingasetyenziselwa ukufudumeza i-carbide yamandla ukuphucula iipropathi zayo zomzimba kunye noomatshini.
Ixesha leposi: APR-11 ukuya kwi-1122
