Kwikota yokugqibela, i-Ofisi yoMphathiswa wezoRhwebo, ngokubambisana ne-General Administration of Customs, ikhuphe isibhengezo esidibeneyo sokukhusela ukhuseleko lwelizwe kunye nezinto ezinomdla ngelixa lizalisekisa uxanduva lwamazwe ngamazwe lokungaphumeleli. Ngemvume yeBhunga kaRhulumente, amanyathelo angqongqo okulawula ukuthumela ngaphandle abekwe kwizinto ezinxulumene ne-tungsten, i-tellurium, i-bismuth, i-molybdenum, kunye ne-indium. Ngokukodwa, izinto ezinxulumene ne-tungsten ezilawulwayo ziquka i-ammonium paratungstate, i-tungsten oxides, i-tungsten carbides ethile engalawulwayo, iifom ezithile ze-tungsten eqinile (ngaphandle kwe-granules okanye i-powders), i-tungsten-nickel-iron okanye i-tungsten-nickel-copper alloys, kunye nedatha kunye neetekhnoloji ezifunekayo phantsi kwe-1C0 ikhowudi ye-40 1C117.c, 1C117.d). Bonke abaqhubi abathumela ezi mathiriyeli kumazwe angaphandle kufuneka bathobele uMthetho woLawulo lokuThunyelwa kwamanye amazwe weRiphabhliki yaBantu baseTshayina kunye neMimiselo yoLawulo lokuThunyelelwa kumazwe angaphandle kweZinto eziSetyenziswa kabini, befaka isicelo kunye nokufumana iimvume zokuthumela ngaphandle kwabasemagunyeni abafanelekileyo borhwebo beBhunga leSizwe. Esi sibhengezo siqala ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza kwaye sihlaziya uLuhlu loLawulo lokuThunyelelwa kwamanye amazwe lweZinto eziSetyenziswa kabini zeRiphabhliki yaBantu baseTshayina.
I. Izinto ezinxulumene neTungsten
- 1C117.d. Izinto ezinxulumene neTungsten:
- Ammonium paratungstate (HS Code: 2841801000);
- I-Tungsten oxides (Iikhowudi ze-HS: 2825901200, 2825901910, 2825901920);
- I-Tungsten carbides ayilawulwa phantsi kwe-1C226 (HS Code: 2849902000).
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- 1C117.c. I-Tungsten eqinileyo enazo zonke ezi mpawu zilandelayo:
- I-tungsten eqinileyo (ngaphandle kweegranules okanye umgubo) nayo nayiphi na kwezi zilandelayo:
- I-Tungsten okanye i-tungsten alloys enomxholo we-tungsten ≥97% ngobunzima, engalawulwa phantsi kwe-1C226 okanye i-1C241 (i-HS Codes: 8101940001, 8101991001, 8101999001);
- I-Tungsten-copper alloys kunye nomxholo we-tungsten ≥80% ngobunzima (i-HS Codes: 8101940001, 8101991001, 8101999001);
- I-alloys ye-Tungsten-silver enomxholo we-tungsten ≥80% kunye nomxholo wesilivere ≥2% ngobunzima (i-HS Codes: 7106919001, 7106929001);
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- Iyakwazi ukwenziwa kuyo nayiphi na kwezi zilandelayo:
- Iisilinda ezinobubanzi ≥120 mm kunye nobude ≥50 mm;
- Iibhubhu ezinobubanzi bangaphakathi ≥65 mm, ubukhulu bodonga ≥25 mm, kunye nobude ≥50 mm;
- Iibhloko ezinobungakanani ≥120 mm × 120 mm × 50 mm.
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- 1C004. I-Tungsten-Nickel-Iron okanye i-Tungsten-Nickel-Copper Alloys enazo zonke ezi mpawu zilandelayo:
- Uxinzelelo > 17.5 g/cm³;
- Amandla esivuno> 800 MPa;
- Amandla okugqibela okuqina>1270 MPa;
- Elongation >8% (HS Codes: 8101940001, 8101991001, 8101999001).
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- 1E004, 1E101.b. Itekhnoloji kunye neDatha yokuvelisa izinto phantsi kwe-1C004, 1C117.c, 1C117.d (kubandakanywa neenkcukacha zenkqubo, iiparamitha, kunye neenkqubo zomatshini).
II. Izinto ezinxulumene neTellurium
- 6C002.a. I-Metallic Tellurium (iKhowudi ye-HS: 2804500001).
- 6C002.b. IiMveliso zeTellurium Compound eziNye okanye ezinePolycrystalline (kubandakanywa ii-substrates okanye ii-epitaxial wafers):
- I-Cadmium telluride (i-HS Codes: 2842902000, 3818009021);
- I-Cadmium zinc telluride (i-HS Codes: 2842909025, 3818009021);
- I-Mercury cadmium telluride (iiKhowudi zeHS: 2852100010, 3818009021).
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- 6E002. Ubuchwephesha kunye neDatha yokuvelisa izinto phantsi kwe-6C002 (kubandakanywa neenkcukacha zenkqubo, iiparitha, kunye neenkqubo zomatshini).
III. Izinto ezinxulumene neBismuth
- 6C001.a. I-Metallic Bismuth kunye neeMveliso ezingalawulwayo phantsi kwe-1C229, kubandakanywa kodwa kungaphelelanga kwii-ingots, iibhloko, amaso, iigranules, kunye nomgubo (i-HS Codes: 8106101091, 8106101092, 8106101099, 810610801090,9 8106901029, 8106901099, 8106909090).
- 6C001.b. Bismuth Germanate (HS Code: 2841900041).
- 6C001.c. I-Triphenylbismuth (iKhowudi ye-HS: 2931900032).
- 6C001.d. Tris(p-ethoxyphenyl)bismuth (HS Code: 2931900032).
- 6E001. I-Technologies kunye neDatha yokuvelisa izinto phantsi kwe-6C001 (kubandakanywa neenkcukacha zenkqubo, iiparamitha, kunye neenkqubo zomatshini).
IV. Izinto ezinxulumene neMolybdenum
- 1C117.b. I-Molybdenum Powder: I-Molybdenum kunye ne-alloy particles kunye nomxholo we-molybdenum ≥97% ngobunzima kunye nobukhulu be-particle ≤50×10⁻⁶ m (50 μm), esetyenziselwa ukuvelisa amacandelo e-missile (HS Code: 8102100001).
- 1E101.b. Ubuchwephesha kunye neDatha yokuvelisa izinto phantsi kwe-1C117.b (kubandakanywa neenkcukacha zenkqubo, iiparamitha, kunye neenkqubo zomatshini).
V. Izinto ezinxulumene ne-Indium
- 3C004.a. I-Indium Phosphide (iKhowudi ye-HS: 2853904051).
- 3C004.b. I-Trimethylidium (iKhowudi ye-HS: 2931900032).
- 3C004.c. I-Triethylindium (iKhowudi ye-HS: 2931900032).
- 3E004. Ubuchwephesha kunye neDatha yokuvelisa izinto phantsi kwe-3C004 (kubandakanywa neenkcukacha zenkqubo, iiparitha, kunye neenkqubo zomatshini).
Izilawuli zokuThumela ngaphandle kweTungsten azikho ukuValwa ngokupheleleyo
Ulawulo lokuthumela ngaphandle kwe-Tungsten aluthethi ukuvalwa kokuthumela ngaphandle ngokupheleleyo kodwa kubandakanya imilinganiselo yolawulo esemgangathweni yezinto ezithile ezinxulumene ne-tungsten. Abathumeli bangaphandle kwezi zinto kufuneka bafake izicelo zeemvume kumagunya orhwebo afanelekileyo eBhunga kaRhulumente ngokuhambelana noMthetho woLawulo lokuThunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kunye neMimiselo yoLawulo lokuThunyelwa ngaphandle kwezinto eziSebenzisa kabini. Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle kuvunyelwe kuphela xa kuthotyelwe kunye nokuvunywa.
Impembelelo enokubakho kwiMarike yasekhaya
Ngokutsho kwedatha evela kwi-Tungsten-Molybdenum Cloud Commerce Platform, ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwe-ammonium paratungstate (APT), i-tungsten trioxide, kunye ne-akhawunti ye-tungsten carbide kwisabelo esiphawulekayo se-tungsten epheleleyo yokuthunyelwa ngaphandle:
- Ukuthunyelwa kwe-APT kwi-2023 kunye ne-2024 yayimalunga neetoni ze-803 kunye neetoni ze-782, ngokulandelanayo, i-akhawunti nganye malunga ne-4% ye-tungsten epheleleyo yokuthunyelwa ngaphandle.
- I-Tungsten trioxide yangaphandle yayimalunga neetoni ze-2,699 kwi-2023 kunye ne-3,190 yeetoni kwi-2024, inyuka ukusuka kwi-14% ukuya kwi-17% yokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.
- Ukuthunyelwa kwe-tungsten carbide kumazwe angaphandle kwakumalunga neetoni ze-4,433 ngo-2023 kunye neetoni ze-4,147 ngo-2024, zigcina isabelo malunga ne-22%.
Ukuphunyezwa kolawulo lokuthumela ngaphandle i-tungsten kuya kubeka ezi zinto kulawulo olungqongqo kunye neenkqubo zokuvunywa, ezinokuchaphazela imisebenzi yabanye abathumeli ngaphandle. Nangona kunjalo, xa kujongwe isabelo esilinganiselweyo sezi zinto zilawulwayo kwitotali ye-tungsten ethunyelwa ngaphandle, impembelelo iyonke kwintengiso ye-tungsten yemarike yasekhaya yonikezelo lwe-dynamics kunye neentsingiselo zexabiso kulindeleke ukuba zibencinci. Lo mgaqo-nkqubo usenokuthi ukhuthaze amashishini ukuba agxininise kubuchule obutsha kunye nomgangatho wemveliso ukuhlangabezana ngcono neemfuno zemarike yasekhaya neyehlabathi.
Ukubaluleka koBuchule beTungsten
Indawo ephezulu yokunyibilika kweTungsten, ukuqina, ukuhanjiswa, kunye nokumelana nomhlwa kuyenza ibaluleke kakhulu kumashishini ehlabathi. Kwimveliso yentsimbi, i-tungsten yomeleza amandla, ukuqina, kunye nokumelana nokunxiba, kusetyenziswe ngokubanzi kumatshini kunye nokwakhiwa. Kwi-elektroniki, sisixhobo esiphambili samacandelo, iintambo ezidityanisiweyo zesekethe, kunye neefilaments zemveli. Kwi-aerospace, ii-alloys ze-tungsten zibalulekile kwii-injini ze-injini kunye ne-rocket nozzles, ezixhasa ukuphononongwa kwendawo. Ngomkhosi, iialloyi ze-tungsten zibalulekile kwiiprojectiles zokugqobhoza izixhobo, izixhobo ezijulwayo, kunye nezikrweqe, ezichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo amandla okhuselo lwesizwe. Ukuqinisekisa unikezelo lwetungsten yasekhaya oluzinzileyo lubalulekile kukhuseleko lwesizwe.
Iimpembelelo zexesha elifutshane kunye nexesha elide
Ngexesha elifutshane, ulawulo lokuthumela ngaphandle luya kunciphisa unikezelo lwe-tungsten lwase-China kwiimarike zehlabathi, okunokubakho ukuphazamisa ibhalansi yemfuno yonikezelo yexesha elide kunye nokunyusa amaxabiso e-tungsten kumazwe ngamazwe ngenxa yemfuno eqinile yomlambo. Ngexesha elide, olu lawulo luya kukhuthaza uphuculo lwemizi-mveliso, lukhuthaze utyalo-mali lwe-R&D, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ngokufanelekileyo, kunye nophuhliso lweemveliso zexabiso eliphezulu ukomeleza impembelelo yaseTshayina kushishino lwetungsten.
Global Tungsten Statistics
Ngokutsho kwe-USGS, oovimba be-tungsten behlabathi ngo-2023 bebemalunga ne-4.4 yezigidi zeetoni, benyuka nge-15.79% unyaka nonyaka, i-China ithatha i-52.27% (i-2.3 yezigidi zeetoni). Imveliso ye-tungsten yehlabathi yayiyi-78,000 yeetoni, phantsi kwe-2.26%, kunye ne-China igalelo le-80.77% (iitoni ezingama-63,000). Idatha yesiko laseTshayina ibonisa ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwe-tungsten okwahlukeneyo, kubandakanya i-tungsten ores, i-tungstic acid, i-tungsten trioxide, i-tungsten carbides, kunye neemveliso ezahlukeneyo ze-tungsten. Kwi-2024, i-China yathumela iitoni ze-782.41 ze-APT (phantsi kwe-2.53%, i-4.06% yokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe), i-3,189.96 yeetoni ze-tungsten trioxide (ukunyuka kwe-18.19%, i-16.55% yokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe), kunye ne-4,146.76 yeetoni ze-4,146.76 ze-tungsten% ye-2% ye-tungsten% ye-2% ye-tungsten. zizonke ezithunyelwa ngaphandle).
I-CHENGDU HUAXIN CEMENTED CARBIDE CO., LTD ngababoneleli abaqeqeshiweyo kunye nabavelisi beemveliso ze-tungsten carbide, ezinjengeemela zokufaka i-carbide yokwenza umthi, iimela ezijikelezayo ze-carbide zecuba kunye neentonga zokucoca icuba, iimela ezingqukuva zekhadibhodi edityanisiweyo yokutshiza i-razor blade slitting. , iteyiphu, ukusika ifilimu ebhityileyo, iiblayidi zokusika ifayibha kushishino lwamalaphu njl.
Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-25 yophuhliso, iimveliso zethu zithunyelwe e-US A, eRashiya, eMzantsi Melika, eIndiya, eTurkey, ePakistan, e-Australia, kuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia njl. Kwaye singathanda ukuseka ubudlelwane obutsha beshishini kunye nabathengi abatsha.
Qhagamshelana nathi namhlanje kwaye uya konwabela izibonelelo zomgangatho olungileyo kunye neenkonzo ezivela kwiimveliso zethu!
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-04-2025
