UMnyhadala weeNqanawa zeDragon

IUMnyhadala weeNqanawa zeDragon(isiTshayina esilula: 端午节;isiTshayina sendabuko: 端午節) liholide yesintu yamaTshayina eyenzeka ngomhla wesihlanu kwinyanga yesihlanu yenyangaIkhalenda yesiTshayina, ehambelana nokuphela kukaMeyi okanye uJuniIkhalenda kaGregory.

Igama lesiNgesi leholide nguUMnyhadala weeNqanawa zeDragon, esetyenziswa njengenguqulelo esemthethweni yesiNgesi yeholide yiRiphabliki yabantu baseTshayina. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yiyo kweminye imithombo yesiNgesi njengeUMnyhadala weSihlanu esiBinielibhekisela kumhla njengoko kukwigama lokuqala lesiTshayina.

Amagama esiTshayina ngokwengingqi

Duanwu(IsiTshayina: 端午;i-pinyin:i-duānwǔ), njengoko umnyhadala ubizwa ngoIsiMandarin saseTshayinangokoqobo lithetha “ihashe eliqalayo/elivulayo”, oko kukuthi, “usuku lokuqala lwehashe” (ngokutshoI-zodiac yaseTshayina/Ikhalenda yesiTshayinainkqubo) ukuba yenzeke enyangeni; nangona kunjalo, nangona intsingiselo yokoqobowǔ, “[usuku] lwehashe kumjikelo wezilwanyana”, lo mlinganiswa ukwachazwa ngokutshintshana njengowǔ(IsiTshayina: 五;i-pinyin:wǔ) ithetha “isihlanu”. Ngenxa yokoDuanwu, “umthendeleko ngomhla wesihlanu wenyanga yesihlanu”.

Igama lesiTshayina lesiMandarin lomthendeleko ngu "端午節" (isiTshayina esilula: 端午节;isiTshayina sendabuko: 端午節;i-pinyin:UDuānwǔjié;UWade–Giles:Tuan Wu chieh) ngaphakathiiTshayinakwayeITaiwan, kunye ne "Tuen Ng Festival" yaseHong Kong, eMacao, eMalaysia naseSingapore.

Ibizwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyoIilwimi zesiTshayina. NgaphakathiIsiCantonese, yiyamaRomanynjengeNgoLwesibini¹Ng⁵IJit³eHong Kong kwayeI-Tung¹Ng⁵IJit³eMacau. Ke ngoko "umnyhadala weTuen Ng" eHong KongTun Ng(Umnyhadala weBarco-DragãongesiPhuthukezi) eMacao.

Imvelaphi

Inyanga yesihlanu ithathwa njengenyanga engenathamsanqa. Abantu babekholelwa ukuba iintlekele zemvelo kunye nezifo zixhaphakile kwinyanga yesihlanu. Ukuze basuse eli shwangusha, abantu babebeka i-calamus, i-Artemisia, iintyatyambo zepomegranate, i-ixora yaseTshayina kunye negalikhi phezu kweengcango ngomhla wesihlanu kwinyanga yesihlanu.^{[isicatshulwa siyafuneka]}Ekubeni imo yecalamus ifana nekrele kwaye inevumba elinamandla legalikhi, kukholelwa ukuba zinokususa imimoya emibi.

Enye ingcaciso ngemvelaphi yeDragon Boat Festival ivela ngaphambi kweQin Dynasty (221–206 BC). Inyanga yesihlanu kwikhalenda yenyanga yayijongwa njengenyanga embi kwaye usuku lwesihlanu lwenyanga lusuku olubi. Kuthiwa izilwanyana ezinetyhefu zivela ukususela ngomhla wesihlanu wenyanga yesihlanu, njengeenyoka, ii-centipedes, kunye noonomadudwane; kuthiwa abantu bagula lula emva kolu suku. Ke ngoko, ngexesha leDragon Boat Festival, abantu bazama ukuphepha eli shwa. Umzekelo, abantu banokuncamathisela imifanekiso yezidalwa ezihlanu ezinetyhefu eludongeni baze bafake iinaliti kuzo. Abantu banokwenza neephepha ezisikiweyo zezidalwa ezihlanu baze bazisonge ezihlahleni zabantwana babo. Imisitho emikhulu kunye nemiboniso yaphuhliswa kwezi zenzo kwiindawo ezininzi, okwenza iDragon Boat Festival ibe lusuku lokususa izifo kunye neshwa.

Qu Yuan

Ibali elaziwa kakhulu kwiTshayina yanamhlanje lithi lo mnyhadala ukhumbula ukufa kwembongi kunye nomfundisi.Qu Yuan(malunga nowama-340–278 BC)ilizwe lamanduloyeI-ChungexeshaIxesha leeMfazwe zaMazweyeUbukhosi bukaZhouIlungu le-cadet leIndlu yasebukhosini yaseChu, UQu wayesebenza kwizikhundla eziphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, xa umlawuli wagqiba ekubeni asebenzisane nelizwe elalinamandla ngakumbiI-Qin, UQu wagxothwa ngenxa yokuchasa umanyano waze watyholwa nangokungcatsha. Ngexesha lokugxothwa kwakhe, uQu Yuan wabhala okuninziimibongoKwiminyaka engamashumi amabini anesibhozo kamva, uQin wabanjwaYing, ikomkhulu laseChu. Ephelelwe lithemba, uQu Yuan wazibulala ngokuzintywilisela emanzini.Miluo River.

Kuthiwa abantu basekuhlaleni, ababemhlonela, babaleka ngeenqanawa zabo ukuze bamsindise, okanye ubuncinane balande isidumbu sakhe. Kuthiwa oku kwaqalaimidyarho yeenqanawa zedrakoXa umzimba wakhe ungafumanekiyo, baphosa iibholairayisi enamathelayoemlanjeni ukuze iintlanzi zizitye endaweni yokutya umzimba kaQu Yuan. Kuthiwa oku kulapho kwaqala khonauZongzi.

Ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini, uQu Yuan waqala ukuphathwa ngendlela yobuzwe “njengembongi yokuqala yaseTshayina ethanda ilizwe”. Imbono yembono kaQu yentlalo kunye nobuzwe obungenakuguquka yaba yincwadi esemthethweni phantsi kweRiphabliki yabantu baseTshayina emva kowe-1949.Uloyiso lwamaKomanisi kwiMfazwe Yamakhaya yaseTshayina.

Wu Zixu

Nangona ithandwa kakhulu namhlanje ithiyori yemvelaphi yeQu Yuan, kummandla wangaphambili weUbukumkani baseWu, umnyhadala okhunjulwayoWu Zixu(wafa ngo-484 BC), iNkulumbuso yaseWu.Xi Shi, umfazi omhle othunyelwe nguKumkaniIsiGoujianyeilizwe laseYue, wayethandwa kakhulu nguKumkaniUFuchaikaWu. UWu Zixu, ebona icebo eliyingozi likaGoujian, wamlumkisa uFuchai, owacaphuka yile ntetho. UWu Zixu wanyanzelwa ukuba azibulale nguFuchai, umzimba wakhe waphoswa emlanjeni ngomhla wesihlanu kwinyanga yesihlanu. Emva kokufa kwakhe, kwiindawo ezifanaSuzhou, uWu Zixu ukhunjulwa ngexesha leDragon Boat Festival.

Ezintathu zezona zinto zixhaphakileyo ezenziwa ngexesha leDragon Boat Festival kukutya (nokulungiselela)uZongziukuselaiwayini ye-realgarkunye nomdyarhoiinqanawa zedrako.

Ukubaleka kwesikhephe sedrako

Umdyarho weenqanawa zedrako unembali etyebileyo yezithethe zakudala zemibhiyozo nezithethe, ezaqala kumzantsi weTshayina ephakathi kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-2500 eyadlulayo. Le ntsomi iqala ngebali likaQu Yuan, owayengumfundisi kwenye yeerhuluneli zeLizwe elilwayo, uChu. Wanyeliswa ngamagosa karhulumente anomona waza wagxothwa ngukumkani. Ngenxa yokudana kokumkani weChu, waziphosa emanzini eMiluo. Abantu abaqhelekileyo bakhawuleza baya emanzini baza bazama ukufumana isidumbu sakhe. Ekukhumbuleni uQu Yuan, abantu babamba imidyarho yeenqanawa zedrako minyaka le ngomhla wokufa kwakhe ngokwentsomi. Basasaza nerayisi emanzini ukuze bondle iintlanzi, ukuze bangazityi izidumbu zikaQu Yuan, enye yemvelaphi yazo.uZongzi.

IZongzi (i-dumpling yerayisi yesintu yaseTshayina)

Inxalenye ephawulekayo yokubhiyozela iDragon Boat Festival kukwenza nokutya i-zongzi namalungu osapho kunye nabahlobo. Abantu ngokwesiko basonga i-zongzi ngamagqabi e-reed, bamboo, benza imo yephiramidi. Amagqabi anika ivumba elikhethekileyo kunye nencasa kwirayisi enamathelayo kunye nezitya ezizaliswayo. Ukhetho lwezitya ezizaliswayo luyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimimandla. Imimandla esemantla eTshayina ikhetha i-zongzi emnandi okanye enesitayile sedizethi, ene-bean paste, i-jujube, kunye namandongomane njengezitya ezizaliswayo. Imimandla esemazantsi eTshayina ikhetha i-zongzi emnandi, eneentlobo ngeentlobo zezitya ezizaliswayo kuquka isisu sengulube esifakwe emanzini, isoseji, kunye namaqanda edada anetyuwa.

UZongzi wavela ngaphambi kweXesha leNtwasahlobo neloKwindla kwaye ekuqaleni wayesetyenziselwa ukunqula ookhokho noothixo; kwiDynasty kaJin, uZongzi waba kukutya kwemikhosi kwiDynasty Boat Festival. IDynasty kaJin, amadombolo abizwa ngokusesikweni njengokutya kweDynasty Boat Festival. Ngeli xesha, ukongeza kwirayisi etyebileyo, izinto zokwenza i-zongzi zongezwa ngamayeza aseTshayina iYizhiren. I-zongzi ephekiweyo ibizwa ngokuba yi-"yizhi zong".

Isizathu sokuba amaTshayina atye i-zongzi ngolu suku lukhethekileyo sineengxelo ezininzi. Inguqulelo yesintu kukubamba umsitho wesikhumbuzo sikaQuyuan. Nangona eneneni, uZongzi ebethathwa njengomnikelo wookhokho kwanangaphambi kwexesha likaChunqiu. Ukususela kubukhosi bukaJin, uZongzi waba kukutya komnyhadala ngokusesikweni kwaye wahlala ixesha elide kude kube ngoku.

Iintsuku zesikhephe seDragon ukusuka ngomhla wesi-3 ukuya kowesi-5 kuJuni ka-2022. IHUAXIN CARBIDE inqwenela wonke umntu abe neeholide ezimnandi!