I-Inflation Act (IRA), esayinwe ngumthetho nguMongameli uJoe Biden ngo-Agasti 15, iqulethe ngaphezu kwe-369 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi kumalungiselelo ajoliswe ukulwa nokutshintsha kwemozulu kule minyaka ilishumi izayo. Ubuninzi bephakheji yemozulu yintlawulo yerhafu ye-federal ukuya kuthi ga kwi-7,500 yeedola ekuthengeni iintlobo zezithuthi zombane, kubandakanywa nezisetyenzisiweyo ezenziwe eNyakatho Melika.
Umahluko ophambili kwiinkuthazo ze-EV zangaphambili kukuba ukuze uvumeleke kwikhredithi yerhafu, ii-EV ezizayo aziyi kuhlanganiswa kuphela eMntla Melika, kodwa zenziwe kwiibhetri eziveliswe ngaphakathi okanye kumazwe arhweba ngokukhululekileyo. izivumelwano kunye ne-US ezifana neCanada kunye neMexico. Umgaqo omtsha ujoliswe ekukhuthazeni abenzi bezithuthi zombane ukuba batshintshe iintambo zabo zokubonelela ukusuka kumazwe asakhulayo ukuya e-US, kodwa abangaphakathi kwishishini bayazibuza ukuba utshintsho luya kwenzeka kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo, njengoko ulawulo luthemba, okanye alukho konke.
I-IRA ibeka izithintelo kwimiba emibini yeebhetri zemoto yombane: amacandelo abo, njengebhetri kunye nezixhobo ezisebenzayo ze-electrode, kunye neemaminerali ezisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ezo zixhobo.
Ukuqala kulo nyaka uzayo, ii-EV ezifanelekileyo ziya kufuna ubuncinci isiqingatha sezixhobo zabo zebhetri ukuba zenziwe eMntla Melika, kunye ne-40% yezixhobo zebhetri ezivela e-US okanye amaqabane ayo orhwebo. Ngo-2028, ipesenti efunekayo iya kunyuka unyaka ukuya kwi-80% yezixhobo zebhetri kunye ne-100% kumacandelo.
Abanye abenzi beemoto, kubandakanya iTesla kunye neGeneral Motors, sele beqalisile ukuphuhlisa iibhetri zabo kwiifektri zase-US naseCanada. UTesla, umzekelo, wenza uhlobo olutsha lwebhetri kwisityalo sakhe saseNevada ekumele ukuba sinoluhlu olude kunelo lithengwe eJapan ngoku. Oku kudityaniswa ngokuthe nkqo kunokunceda abavelisi bezithuthi zombane baphumelele uvavanyo lwebhetri ye-IRA. Kodwa eyona ngxaki kulapho inkampani ifumana khona izinto ezikrwada zeebhetri.
Iibhetri zemoto zombane ngokuqhelekileyo zenziwe kwi-nickel, i-cobalt kunye ne-manganese (izinto ezintathu eziphambili ze-cathode), i-graphite (i-anode), i-lithium kunye nobhedu. Eyaziwa ngokuba "zintandathu ezinkulu" kumzi mveliso webhetri, imigodi kunye nokusetyenzwa kwezi zimbiwa kulawulwa kakhulu yi-China, echazwe ngabalawuli be-Biden "njengento exhalabisayo yangaphandle." Nasiphi na isithuthi sombane esenziwe emva kwe-2025 equlethe izinto ezivela e-China ziya kukhutshwa kwikhredithi yerhafu yomdibaniso, ngokwe-IRA. Umthetho udwelisa ngaphezulu kwe-30 yeeminerali zebhetri ezihlangabezana neemfuno zepesenti yemveliso.
Iinkampani eziphantsi korhulumente waseTshayina ziphethe malunga nomyinge wamashumi asibhozo eepesenti wokusetyenzwa kwe-cobalt ehlabathini kunye neepesenti ezingaphezulu kwe-90 yeepesenti ze-nickel, i-manganese kunye ne-graphite zokuhluza. “Ukuba uthenga iibhetri kwiinkampani zaseJapan naseSouth Korea, njengoko besenza uninzi lwee-automakers, kukho ithuba elihle lokuba iibhetri zakho ziqulathe izinto eziphinda zisetyenziswe eTshayina,” utshilo uTrent Mell, umlawuli oyintloko we-Electra Battery Materials, inkampani yaseCanada ethengisa izinto zehlabathi. cobalt esenziwe. Umenzi wemoto yombane.
“Abenzi beemoto banokufuna ukwenza iimoto zombane ezingakumbi zifanelekele intlawulo yerhafu. Kodwa baya kubafumana phi ababoneleli bebhetri abafanelekileyo? Okwangoku, abavelisi beemoto abanakukhetha,” utshilo uLewis Black, iCEO yeAlmonty Industries. Inkampani ingomnye wababoneleli abaninzi ngaphandle kwe-China ye-tungsten, enye iminerali esetyenziswa kwi-anodes kunye ne-cathodes yezinye iibhetri zemoto yombane ngaphandle kwe-China, inkampani yatsho. (I-China ilawula ngaphezu kwe-80% yobonelelo lwe-tungsten yehlabathi). Imigodi ye-Almonty kunye neenkqubo eSpain, ePortugal naseMzantsi Korea.
Ukongamela kweTshayina kwizinto zebhetri zisisiphumo samashumi eminyaka yomgaqo-nkqubo karhulumente kunye notyalo-mali – amathandabuzo kaMnyama anokuphindaphindwa lula kumazwe aseNtshona.
"Kwiminyaka engama-30 edlulileyo, iChina iphuhlise ikhonkco lokubonelela ngebhetri esebenzayo kakhulu," utshilo uBlack. "Kuqoqosho lwaseNtshona, ukuvula imigodi entsha okanye indawo yokuhluza ioli kunokuthatha iminyaka esibhozo nangaphezulu."
I-Mell ye-Electra Battery Materials yathi inkampani yakhe, eyayisaziwa ngokuba yi-Cobalt First, yi-North America kuphela yomvelisi we-cobalt yeebhetri zemoto yombane. Inkampani ifumana i-cobalt ekrwada kwimigodi yase-Idaho kwaye yakha indawo yokucoca e-Ontario, eCanada, ekulindeleke ukuba iqalise ukusebenza ekuqaleni kwe-2023. I-Electra yakha i-nickel refinery yesibini kwiphondo laseCanada laseQuebec.
“UMntla Melika awunawo amandla okuhlaziya izinto zebhetri. Kodwa ndiyakholelwa ukuba eli tyala liza kukhuthaza umjikelo omtsha wotyalo-mali kwikhonkco lokubonelela ngebhetri, ”utshilo uMeyer.
Siyaqonda ukuba uyathanda ukulawula amava akho e-intanethi. Kodwa ingeniso yentengiso inceda ekuxhaseni ubuntatheli bethu. Ukufunda ibali lethu elipheleleyo, nceda uvale i-ad blocker yakho. Naluphi na uncedo luya kuthakazelelwa kakhulu.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-31-2022
