UMthetho wokuPhuhliswa kweMali I-bulk yephakheji yemozulu yisaphulelo serhafu esiyi-7,500 ekuthengweni kwezithuthi zombane, kubandakanya izinto ezenziwe kuMntla Merika.
Umahluko ophambili kwinkuthazo ye-EV yangaphambili kukuba ukwenzela ukufanelekela kwityala lerhafu, ii -vs zexesha elizayo aziyi kuhlanganiswa kwiPhondo laseMelika, kodwa zenziwa kwiibhetri zaphulukana nekhaya ngaphakathi okanye kumazwe angenasimahla. Izivumelwano kunye ne-US efana neCanada naseMexico. Umgaqo omtsha wenzelwe ukukhuthaza abenzi beenqwelo moya ukuba batshintshe imixokelelwane yabo yokubonelela ngamazwe asaphuhlayo ase-US, kodwa abasebenzi abangaphakathi ababuza ukuba i-Shift inokwenzeka kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo, okanye ingeyiyo ithemba.
I-IRA ibeka izithintelo kwimiba emibini yeebhetri zombane zeZithuthi: izinto zawo, ezinje ngebhetri kunye ne-electrode ngezinto ezisebenzayo, kwaye iiminerali zisetyenziselwa ukwenza ezo zinto.
Ukuqala konyaka olandelayo, i-EV efanelekileyo iya kufuna ubuncinci bezinto zabo zebhetri ukuba zenziwe eMntla Merika, nge-40% yezinto eziluhlaza zebhetri ezivela e-US okanye kumaqabane ayo orhwebo. Ngowama-2028, ubuncinci bepesenti efunekayo iya konyusa unyaka nonyaka ukuya kwi-80% yezinto ezingafunekiyo zebhetri kunye ne-100% yamacandelo.
Abanye abathengi abaziintloko, kubandakanya i-TESFA kunye neMatomshini Jikelele, baqalisile ngokwabo iibhetri kwiifektri e-US naseCanada. Umzekelo, umzekelo, usenza uhlobo olutsha lwebhetri kwisityalo sayo seNevada ekufanele ukuba sibe nodidi olude kunabo bangeniswe ngokungeniswa eJapan. Oku kudityaniswa ngokuthe nkqo kunokunceda abavelisi bezithuthi zombane baphumelele i-IRA ibhetri. Kodwa eyona ngxaki yeyalapho inkampani ifumana khona izinto ezingafunekiyo kwiibhetri.
Iibhetri zemoto yombane zihlala zenziwa kwi-nickel, eCobalt kunye neManganese (ezona zinto zintathu ziphambili ze-Cathode), igrafu (Anode), iLithium nobhedu. Yaziwa ngokuba "yi-nkulu emithandathu" yeshishini lebhetri, imigodi kunye nokulungiswa kwezimbiwa zilawulwa kakhulu yi-China, apho ulawulo lwe-Biden luchaze njenge "iquilkoty langaphandle." Nasiphi na isithuthi sombane esiveliswe emva kwe-2025 esinezinto ezivela e-China ziya kukhutshelwa ngaphandle kwikhredithi yerhafu, ngokwe-IRA. Uluhlu lomthetho luluhlu olungaphezulu kwama-30 iiminerali zebhetri ezihlangabezana neepesenti zemveliso.
Iinkampani zaseTshayina zikarhulumente zezaziipesenti ezingama-80 zomsebenzi we-CoAbalt yeHlabathi yeHlabathi kunye neepesenti ezingama-90 ze-nickel, i-manganese kunye ne-retinese i-retineries. "Ukuba uthenga iibhetri ezivela kwiinkampani eJapan naseMzantsi Korea, ukuba uninzi lwabaphathi bamabhetri zinezixhobo zebhetri, inkampani eyintloko ye-Elenada ye-Eleada, inkampani yaseKhanada ethengisa impahla ye-Eleada ye-Eleada. Umenzi wezithuthi zombane.
"Abasebenzi base-Automaki banokufuna ukwenza izithuthi zombane ezinokufanelekela kwityala lerhafu. Kodwa baya kufumana phi ababoneleli beebhetri ezifanelekileyo? Inkampani yenye yabathengisi abaliqela ngaphandle kwe-tungsten, enye imivuyili esetyenziswe kwi-anode nakwi-cathodes kwiibheji zemoto yombane ngaphandle kwe China, inkampani yatsho. (I-China ilawula ngaphezulu kwe-80% yonikezelo lwe-tungsten wehlabathi). Imigodi ye-almonti kunye neenkqubo eSpain, iPortugal naseSpanish yaseKorea.
I-China i-China Defictions kwizinto ezingafunekiyo zebhetri sisiphumo samashumi eminyaka omgaqo-nkqubo oqeqeshekileyo kaRhulumente kunye notyalo-mali - ukuthandabuza komnyama kungaphindwa ngokulula kumazwe aseNtshona.
Kule minyaka ingama-30 idlulileyo, i-China iphuhlise i-chain yebhetri ephantsi kakhulu, "utshilo umnyama. "Kwimeko yeNtshona, ukuvula imigodi entsha okanye i-oyile entsha inokuthatha iminyaka esibhozo okanye ngaphezulu."
I-mell yebhetri ye-Electri ithe inkampani yakhe, ngaphambili yaziwa ngokuba yi-CoAbabat kuqala, nguMvelisi weLizwe wase-Elamente kuphela yeCobalt ye-cobalt ye-cobalt yemoto. Inkampani ifumana i-crude ye-cude ivela kwi-idaho kwaye yakha i-Ontario, eCanada, ekulindeleke ukuba iqale ukusebenza kwiphondo laseKhanadac.
"Intshona Melika isulela isikhundla sokuphinda sisebenzise izixhobo zebhetri. Kodwa ndiyakholelwa ukuba lo mthetho usayilwayo uya kuphelisa umjikelo omtsha wotyalo-mali," watsho uMeyer.
Siyaqonda ukuba uyathanda ukuba nolawulo lwamava akho kwi-Intanethi. Kodwa intengiso yentengiso inceda ukuxhasa ubuntatheli bethu. Ukufunda ibali lethu elipheleleyo, nceda ukhubaze i-ad blocker yakho. Naluphi na uncedo luya kuthakazelelwa kakhulu.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: AUG-31-2022
