I-Inflation Act (IRA), esayinwe ngumthetho nguMongameli uJoe Biden ngo-Agasti 15, iqulethe ngaphezu kwe-369 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi kumalungiselelo ajoliswe ukulwa nokutshintsha kwemozulu kule minyaka ilishumi izayo. Ubuninzi bephakheji yemozulu yintlawulo yerhafu ye-federal ukuya kuthi ga kwi-7,500 yeedola ekuthengeni iintlobo zezithuthi zombane, kubandakanywa nezisetyenzisiweyo ezenziwe eNyakatho Melika.
Umahluko ophambili kwiinkuthazo ze-EV zangaphambili kukuba ukuze uvumeleke kwikhredithi yerhafu, ii-EV ezizayo aziyi kuhlanganiswa kuphela eMntla Melika, kodwa zenziwe kwiibhetri eziveliswe ngaphakathi okanye kumazwe arhweba ngokukhululekileyo. izivumelwano kunye ne-US ezifana neCanada kunye neMexico. Umgaqo omtsha ujoliswe ekukhuthazeni abenzi bezithuthi zombane ukuba batshintshe iintambo zabo zokubonelela ukusuka kumazwe asakhulayo ukuya e-US, kodwa abangaphakathi kwishishini bayazibuza ukuba utshintsho luya kwenzeka kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo, njengoko ulawulo luthemba, okanye alukho konke.
I-IRA ibeka izithintelo kwimiba emibini yeebhetri zemoto yombane: amacandelo abo, njengebhetri kunye nezixhobo ezisebenzayo ze-electrode, kunye neemaminerali ezisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ezo zixhobo.
Ukuqala kulo nyaka uzayo, ii-EV ezifanelekileyo ziya kufuna ubuncinci isiqingatha sezixhobo zabo zebhetri ukuba zenziwe eMntla Melika, kunye ne-40% yezixhobo zebhetri ezivela e-US okanye amaqabane ayo orhwebo. Ngo-2028, ipesenti efunekayo iya kunyuka unyaka ukuya kwi-80% yezixhobo zebhetri kunye ne-100% kumacandelo.
Abanye abenzi beemoto, kubandakanya iTesla kunye neGeneral Motors, sele beqalisile ukuphuhlisa iibhetri zabo kwiifektri zase-US naseCanada. UTesla, umzekelo, wenza uhlobo olutsha lwebhetri kwisityalo sakhe saseNevada ekumele ukuba sinoluhlu olude kunelo lithengwe eJapan ngoku. Oku kudityaniswa ngokuthe nkqo kunokunceda abavelisi bezithuthi zombane baphumelele uvavanyo lwebhetri ye-IRA. Kodwa eyona ngxaki kulapho inkampani ifumana khona izinto ezikrwada zeebhetri.
Iibhetri zemoto zombane ngokuqhelekileyo zenziwe kwi-nickel, i-cobalt kunye ne-manganese (izinto ezintathu eziphambili ze-cathode), i-graphite (i-anode), i-lithium kunye nobhedu. Eyaziwa ngokuba "zintandathu ezinkulu" kumzi mveliso webhetri, imigodi kunye nokusetyenzwa kwezi zimbiwa kulawulwa kakhulu yi-China, echazwe ngabalawuli be-Biden "njengento exhalabisayo yangaphandle." Nasiphi na isithuthi sombane esenziwe emva kwe-2025 equlethe izinto ezivela e-China ziya kukhutshwa kwikhredithi yerhafu yomdibaniso, ngokwe-IRA. Umthetho udwelisa ngaphezulu kwe-30 yeeminerali zebhetri ezihlangabezana neemfuno zepesenti yemveliso.
Iinkampani eziphantsi korhulumente waseTshayina ziphethe malunga nomyinge wamashumi asibhozo eepesenti wokusetyenzwa kwe-cobalt ehlabathini kunye neepesenti ezingaphezulu kwe-90 yeepesenti ze-nickel, i-manganese kunye ne-graphite zokuhluza. “Ukuba uthenga iibhetri kwiinkampani zaseJapan naseSouth Korea, njengoko besenza oomatshini abaninzi, kukho ithuba elihle lokuba iibhetri zakho ziqulathe izinto eziphinda zisetyenziswe eTshayina,” utshilo uTrent Mell, umlawuli oyintloko we-Electra Battery Materials, inkampani yaseCanada ethengisa iimpahla zehlabathi. Umenzi wemoto yombane.
"Abenzi be-automakers banokufuna ukwenza izithuthi zombane ezingaphezulu ezifanelekileyo kwikhredithi yerhafu. Kodwa baya kufumana phi ababoneleli bebhetri abafanelekileyo? Okwangoku, abenzi beemoto abanalo ukhetho, "kusho uLewis Black, i-CEO ye-Almonty Industries. Inkampani ingomnye wababoneleli abaninzi ngaphandle kwe-China ye-tungsten, enye iminerali esetyenziswa kwi-anodes kunye ne-cathodes yezinye iibhetri zemoto yombane ngaphandle kwe-China, inkampani yatsho. (I-China ilawula ngaphezu kwe-80% yobonelelo lwe-tungsten yehlabathi). Imigodi ye-Almonty kunye neenkqubo eSpain, ePortugal naseMzantsi Korea.
Ukongamela kweTshayina kwizinto zebhetri zisisiphumo samashumi eminyaka yomgaqo-nkqubo karhulumente kunye notyalo-mali – amathandabuzo kaMnyama anokuphindaphindwa lula kumazwe aseNtshona.
“Kwiminyaka engama-30 edlulileyo, iChina iphuhlise ikhonkco lokubonelela ngebhetri esebenza kakuhle,” utshilo uBlack. “Kuqoqosho lwaseNtshona, ukuvula imigodi entsha okanye indawo yokuhluza ioli kunokuthatha iminyaka esibhozo nangaphezulu.”
I-Mell ye-Electra Battery Materials yathi inkampani yakhe, eyayisaziwa ngokuba yi-Cobalt First, yi-North America kuphela yomvelisi we-cobalt yeebhetri zemoto yombane. Inkampani ifumana i-cobalt ekrwada kwimigodi yase-Idaho kwaye yakha indawo yokucoca e-Ontario, eCanada, ekulindeleke ukuba iqalise ukusebenza ekuqaleni kwe-2023. I-Electra yakha i-nickel refinery yesibini kwiphondo laseCanada laseQuebec.
"I-North America ayinakho amandla okuhlaziya izinto zebhetri. Kodwa ndiyakholelwa ukuba eli tyala liza kuvuselela umjikelo omtsha wotyalo-mali kwikhonkco lokubonelela ngebhetri," utshilo uMeyer.
Siyaqonda ukuba uyathanda ukulawula amava akho e-intanethi. Kodwa ingeniso yentengiso inceda ekuxhaseni ubuntatheli bethu. Ukufunda ibali lethu elipheleleyo, nceda uvale i-ad blocker yakho. Naluphi na uncedo luya kuthakazelelwa kakhulu.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-31-2022
