I-carbide yeyona nto isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo zezixhobo ezihamba ngesantya esiphezulu (HSM), eziveliswa ziinkqubo ze-powersgergergergergergergergergergergergergergy kwaye zibandakanya i-carbide enzima (i-tungsten ye-tungsten wc) Okwangoku, kukho amakhulu okuqina okusekwe kwi-WC-esekwe kwiingoma ezahlukeneyo, uninzi lwazo zisebenzisa i-Cobabalt (CO) njenge-Binder, i-CO) njenge-Binder, i-CO) i-Binder, i-NCECL (NC) isetyenziswa izinto ezisetyenziswayo, kwaye ezinye zinokusetyenziswa. ezinye izinto zolwabiwo. Kutheni le nto kukho amabanga e-carbide? Ngaba abafakeli bezixhobo bathabatha njani isixhobo esifanelekileyo? Ukuphendula le mibuzo, masijonge kuqala kwipropathi eyahlukeneyo eyenza amandla esixhobo esifanelekileyo sesixhobo sezinto ezifanelekileyo.
ubunzima kunye nobunzima
I-WC-COOCID COADID ineengenelo ezizodwa kokubini nobunzima. I-tungsten carbide (WC) inzima kakhulu (ngaphezulu kwengca okanye i-aluminiina), kwaye ubunzima bayo abuqhelekanga ukuncipha njengokunyuka kweqondo lokusebenza kuyanda. Nangona kunjalo, ayinasiphelo esaneleyo, ipropathi ebalulekileyo kwizixhobo zokusika. Ukwenzela ukuba uthathe ithuba lobunzima be-tungsten kwaye baphucule ubunzima bayo, abantu basebenzisa i-bonds yentsimbi kwi-tungsten ye-tungsten kunye ne-tungsten ye-tungsten ye-tungsten, ukuze le nto inzima kakhulu kwintsimbi yesantya esiphezulu. ukusika amandla. Ukongeza, inokumelana namaqondo obushushu anqabileyo obangelwa kukwenza ngokukhawuleza okuphezulu.
Namhlanje, phantse yonke imithelelwano ye-WC-Comple idityanisiwe, ke indima yezinto ezisesikweni ibonakala ibaluleke kakhulu. Kodwa enyanisweni, yimbonakalo ephezulu ye-WC-COST (inyathelo lokuqina, elimalunga namaxesha amathathu anikezela ngentsimbi yegumbi) ebonelela ngendawo engekhoyo. I-WC-CO Matrix ikwabonelela ngobunzima obufunekayo. Ezi ndawo ziyizixhobo ezisisiseko zezinto ezisisiseko ze-WC-CO, kodwa iipropathi ezibonakalayo zinokulungiswa ngokutshintsha kobume bezinto eziphathekayo kunye nokuqulunqa i-carbide ye-carbide ye-carbide. Ke ngoko, ukufaneleka kwesixhobo sentsebenzo kumakhi othile kuxhomekeke kubungakanani kwinkqubo yokuqala yokugaya.
Inkqubo yokugaya
I-Tungsten Powbide Powder ifunyanwa ngokuhlathwa kwe-carbrider (w) powder. Iimpawu ze-tungsten powder powder (ngokukodwa isandi sayo) ikakhulu ixhomekeke kubungakanani be-sungsten ye-tungsten kunye neqondo lokushisa kunye nexesha lokuxakeka. Ulawulo lwekhemikhali lubalulekile, kwaye umxholo wekhabhoni kufuneka ugcinwe rhoqo (kufutshane nexabiso le-stochiometric ixabiso le-6.13% ngobunzima). Isixa esincinci se-dadium kunye / okanye i-chromium inokongezwa ngaphambi kokuba ichaphazele i-carbriber ukuze ilawule ubukhulu be-powder ngenkqubo elandelayo. Iimeko ezahlukeneyo zenkqubo yokufikelela ezantsi kunye nokupheliswa kokuphela kokugqibela kufuna indibaniselwano ethile ye-tungsten ye-tungsten, umxholo wekharbon, i-dadium yomxholo kunye ne-chiromium kunye ne-chromim yaveliswa. Umzekelo, i-ALI ALDDYne, umvelisi we-tungsside ye-tungslide ye-tungslide, uvelisa amabanga angama-23 asemgangathweni we-tungsside ye-tungslide, kunye neentlobo ze-tungsten powder ezenziwe ngokwezifundo zabasebenzisi.
Xa uxuba kunye nokugaya i-tungsten powder powder kunye ne-bond yensimbi yokuvelisa inqanaba elithile lomgubo we-carbide odayo, ukudityaniswa okwahlukileyo kunokusetyenziswa. Owona mxholo udla kakhulu i-cobalt yi-3% - 25% (umyinge wobunzima), kwaye kwimeko yesiqhelo), kwaye kwimeko yemfuno yokuphucula ukuxhaphaza kwesixhobo, kuyimfuneko ukongeza i-NECKEL kunye neChokel. Ukongeza, ibhondi yentsimbi inokuphuculwa ngakumbi ngokongeza ezinye izinto. Umzekelo, ukongeza i-rhenium ukuya kwi-WC-COOD COODINIde inokuphucula kakhulu ubunzima bayo ngaphandle kokunciphisa ubunzima bayo. Ukunyusa umxholo we-Binder kunokuphucula ubunzima be-carbide ye-cacebide, kodwa iya kunciphisa ubunzima bayo.
Ukunciphisa ubungakanani be-tungstensunt amasuntswana e-tungsten enokonyusa ubunzima bezinto ezibonakalayo, kodwa ubungakanani be-sungsten ye-tungsten ye-tungsten kufuneka ihlale ifana ngexesha lenkqubo yokuthambisa. Ngexesha lokuqina, amasuntswana amathambo e-tungsten adibanisa kwaye akhule ngenkqubo yokupheliswa kunye nokuziphikisa. Kwinkqubo yokwenyani, ukuze wenze izinto ezimbi kakhulu, ibhondi yesinyithi iba lulwelo (ebizwa ngokuba yi-Waterling yeSigaba se-Walling). Izinga lokukhula kwamasuntswana lwe-tungsten zinokulawulwa ngokongeza ezinye iicalbader ze-carbide, kubandakanya i-vanadium carbide (vc), i-chromium carbide (i-titanium carbide (i-TAC), i-TAC), i-TAC), kunye ne-tiobium carbide (NBC). Ezi carbides zentsimbi zihlala zongezwa xa i-tungsten powder ixutywe kwaye ifakwe ibhondi yentsimbi, nangona i-dadium ye-dadim kunye ne-dadadim ye-dadim kunye ne-chromium ingenziwa xa i-tungsten powder icocekile.
I-Tungsten Parbide Powder inokuveliswa ngokusebenzisa izixhobo zenkunkuma ezithengisiweyo. The recycling and reuse of scrap carbide has a long history in the cemented carbide industry and is an important part of the entire economic chain of the industry, helping to reduce material costs, save natural resources and avoid waste materials. Ukulahlwa kwehle. I-scrap i-scrap ye-scrap inokuthi iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde yenzeke (i-Ammonium Paratingstate), inkqubo yokubuyisela iZinc okanye ngokutyhoboza. Ezi "zisetyenzisiweyo ze-tungsten ze-tungsten ze-tungsten ngokubanzi zinobuso obungcono, ezinokuqikelelwa kwangaphambili kuba zinendawo encinci yomhlaba kune-tungsten ye-tungsten ye-tungsten eyenziwe ngokuthe ngqo kwinkqubo ye-tungsten.
Iimeko zokulungisa zokugaya okuxubeneyo kwe-tungsten ye-tungsten ye-tungsten kunye nebhondi yentsimbi ikwanemilinganiselo yenkqubo ebalulekileyo. Ezona ndlela zibini zisetyenziswayo zisetyenziswa ziindlela zokulinganisa ibhola kunye ne-micromilling. Zombini iinkqubo zenza ukuba ukudityaniswa kwe-powders echithekileyo kwaye kuncitshiswe ubungakanani be-suricle. Ukwenzela ukwenza umsebenzi owotshisiweyo kamva, gcina ubume bendawo yokusebenza, kwaye yenza ukuba umqhubi okanye i-ripilator ukuba athathe indawo yokusebenza, ihlala iyimfuneko ukongeza isibophelelo se-organic ngexesha lokugaya. Ubume bemichiza yeli bondo bunokuchaphazela ukuxinana kunye namandla omsebenzi ocinezelweyo. Ukulungiselela ukuphatha, kuyacetyiswa ukongeza amandla aphezulu, kodwa oku kukhokelela kubuninzi bezinto eziphantsi kwentembeko kwaye kunokuvelisa amaqhosha anokubangela iziphene kwimveliso yokugqibela.
Emva kokugaya, umgubo uhlala owomileyo owomileyo ukuvelisa i-Agglomerageramerages yasimahla ebanjwe kunye zii-organic. Ngokuhlengahlengisa ubume bendawo ye-organic, intyatyambo kunye nokuxinana kwabavukelayo kwaphela kunokuba lulungiselelwe njengoko kufuneka. Ngokuhlola i-Coarder okanye amasuntswana amahle, ubungakanani be-suricle yokusasazeka kwe-Agglomerate ingalungelelaniswanga ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba okuhle xa kugcwele kwi-mold.
Ukusebenza kwemveliso yokusebenza
Imisebenzi yokusebenza ye-carbide ingenziwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zenkqubo. Kuxhomekeka kubungakanani bomsebenzi, inqanaba lokuzima, kunye ne-Bhatch yemveliso, uninzi lwamanzi olwenziweyo lubunjiwe kusetyenziswa i-TOP- kunye ne-freyid-figid rigrafid. Ukuze ugcine ukungqinelana kobunzima bokusebenza kunye nobungakanani ngexesha lokucinezelwa komsebenzi, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba isixa se-powder (ubunzima kunye nevolumu) ingena kanye. Ulwelo lwe-powder lulawulwa ikakhulu kukusasazeka kwe-AGGGOMMMMECRORCES kunye neepropathi ze-organic. Imisebenzi ebunjiweyo (okanye "amabala") zenziwa ngokusebenzisa uxinzelelo lwe-10-80 ksi (iipawundi zekilo (iikhiloti zekilo nganye kwi-powder) kwi-powder efakwe kwi-pold.
Nokuba uphantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu olukhulu, amasuntswana anzima amachaphaza amachaphaza awayi kugculelwa okanye aqhekeze, kodwa i-organic binder icinezelwe ukuba izithuba eziphakathi kwamasuntswana e-tungsten, ngaloo ndlela ukulungisa imeko yamasuntswana. Ukuphakama kwengcinezelo, ukuqina kwe-gostide ye-tungsten amasuntswana kunye nokukhululeka kokuxinana kwendlela yokusebenza. Iipropathi ezibunjiweyo zamabakala ze-subbide ye-carbide inokwahluka, kuxhomekeka kumxholo we-binder ye-metallic, ubungakanani kunye nobume kunye nokongezwa kwe-organic. Ukwenzela ukubonelela ngolwazi lobungakanani malunga neepropathi zentengo yamabakala ee-carbide ze-carbide, ubudlelwane phakathi kokuxinana kobumbano kunye nokubumba buhlala kuyilwe kwaye kwakhiwe ngumvelisi womgubo. Olu lwazi luqinisekisa ukuba umgubo obonelelweyo uyahambelana nenkqubo yokwenziwa kwesixhobo.
I-carbide enkulu ye-carbide okanye i-carbide ye-carbide enomgangatho ophezulu (onjengemidlalo yokuphela kweeMiles kwaye idrive) idla ngokwenziwa kumabakala e-carbide nge-carbide. Nangona umjikelo wemveliso wendlela elungeleleneyo yokucinezela inde kunendlela yokubumba, iindleko zokwenza imveliso zisezantsi, ke le ndlela ilungele ngakumbi imveliso encinci.
Le ndlela yenkqubo kukubeka umgubo ebhegini, kwaye utywine umlomo webhegi, kwaye emva koko ubeke ibhegi ezele i-powder kwigumbi, kwaye usebenzise ingcibi ye-30- Icinezelwe i-Drifpiecespiefs idla ngokuba yenziwa kwi-geometries ekhethekileyo ngaphambi kokuba isoyile. Ubungakanani bengxowa yayo kukhuliswe ukulungiselela indawo yokusebenza ngexesha lokuqulunqwa kwaye ukubonelela ngomda obaneleyo wokusebenza okugayayo. Kuba umsebenzi wokusebenzela kufuneka ujongiwe emva kokucinezelwa, iimfuno zokungqinelana zingabalulekanga kangangoko kunendlela yokubumba, kodwa isayinqweneleka ukuqinisekisa ukuba inani elilinganayo lengxowa lilayishwe kwingxowa nganye. Ukuba ukuxinana kwe-chariger incinci kakhulu, kunokukhokelela kwi-powder engaphelelanga kwingxowa, kukhokelela kwi-commeriece ukuba incinci kakhulu kwaye kufuneka ikhutshiwe. Ukuba ukuxinana komgubo uphakame kakhulu, kwaye umgubo olayishwe ebhegini kakhulu, i-godpiece kufuneka iqhubekeke ukuze isuswe umgubo emva kokuba icinezelwe. Nangona i-powder ye-powder isusiwe kwaye ichetyiwe inokuthi iphinde isebenze, ukwenza oko kunciphisa imveliso.
Ii-carbide zomsebenzi ezisebenzayo zinokusekwa kwi-Extriusion ies okanye inaliti iyafa. Inkqubo yokuBumba isulungekile ilungele ukuveliswa kwesininzi se-axisymmetric yendlela yokusebenza, ngelixa inkqubo yejele yokubumba ihlala isetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwesininzi. Kuzo zombini iinkqubo zokubumba, amabakala o-Chebide Powder axhonywe kwi-organic binder enika ukungangqinelani kwamazinyo okuxubana kwe-carbide ye-carbide efikisayo. I-complet emva koko ikhutshiwe ngomngxunya okanye igcinwe kwi-cavity yokwenziwa. Iimpawu zenqanaba le-pieder ye-carbide ye-carbide ichonge umgubo ofanelekileyo womgubo wokudibanisa umxube, kwaye ube nefuthe elibalulekileyo ekuhambeni komxube okanye inaliti.
Emva kokuba umsebenzi osebenzayo wenziwa ngokubumba, ukucinezela i-isostatic, ukupheliswa okanye inaliti yokubumba, i-organic binder kufuneka isuswe kwinqanaba lokusebenza ngaphambi kwenqanaba lokugqibela lokutshintsha. Ukuthiyikisa isusa i-perissity evela kumsebenzi, esenza ngayo ngokupheleleyo (okanye kakhulu). Ngexesha lokuthoba, ibhondini yentsimbi kumthombo wama-ofisi kabunjiwe iyotywina, kodwa umsebenzi wokusebenza ugcina imilo yayo phantsi kwesenzo esidityanisiweyo se-capillary kunye ne-interpic incage.
Emva kokuqina, iJomemeri yeSebe leMisebenzi ihlala ifana, kodwa imilinganiselo incitshiswa. Ukuze ufumane ubungakanani bezinto ezifunwayo zomsebenzi emva kokuba isono, ireyithi ye-shrinkage kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo xa uyila isixhobo. Inqanaba lomgubo we-carbide osetyenziselwa ukwenza isixhobo ngasinye kufuneka senziwe ukuba i-shrinkani efanelekileyo xa iqulunqe phantsi koxinzelelo olufanelekileyo.
Phantse kuzo zonke iimeko, ukuphathwa kwe-positing yendlela yokusebenzela okufudukayo. Olona nyango lusisiseko lwezixhobo zokusika kukucoca umda wokusika. Izixhobo ezininzi zifuna ukugaya kwejometri yazo kunye nemilinganiselo emva kokuba isono. Ezinye izixhobo zifuna ukukhululeka kunye nokugaya okungaphantsi; Abanye bafuna ukugaya i-peridicleral (kunye okanye ngaphandle kokuphosa umda wokusika). Zonke iitshiphu ze-carbide ukusuka ekufumaneni zinokuphinda zisebenze.
I-Demiproiece
Kwiimeko ezininzi, umsebenzi ogqityiweyo ogqityiweyo kufuneka adityaniswe. Ukudibana kunika i-librity kunye nokunyuka kobunzima, kunye nesithintelo sokungafani kwendawo yokuthambisa, thintela i-oxidation xa ityhilwe kubushushu obuphezulu. I-carbide ye-carbide ibalulekile kwintsebenzo yokudibana. Ukongeza ekulungelelaniseni iipropathi eziphambili ze-matrix powder, iipropathi ezingaphezulu kweMatrix zinokulungelelaniswa ngokukhetha iikhemikhali kunye nokutshintsha indlela yesono. Ngokufuduka kwe-cobalt, i-CoAbalt engaphezulu inokucekiswa kumhlaba ongaphandle webala kwi-20-30 μ
Ngokusekwe kwinkqubo yabo yokwenziwa (njengendlela yokuphefumla, ukufudumeza, ixesha lokuthoba, ubushushu, umenzi wesixhobo unokuba neemfuno ezithile ezisetyenzisiweyo ze-carbide ye-carbide esetyenzisiweyo. Abanye abasebenza izixhobo zinokwenza i-Worpiece kwiziko le-vacuum, ngelixa abanye banokusebenzisa i-soostatic eshushu (i-hip) ye-soin (ecociweyo) Izinto zomsebenzi ezisebenzayo kwiziko le-vacuum linokufuna ukuba ifuduse icinezelwe ngenkqubo eyongezelelweyo yokwandisa ukuxinana komsebenzi. Abanye abavelisi besixhobo banokusebenzisa amaqondo obushushu aphezulu anyusa ukuxinwa komhlaba ngomxholo ophantsi womdibaniso, kodwa le ndlela inokuhamba phantsi kobutshelwa babo. Ukuze ugcine ubungakanani beenkozo zokudla okuziinkozo, i-powders ene-paricle yobukhulu be-tungsten carbide inokukhethwa. Ukuze utshatise izixhobo ezithile zemveliso, iimeko zokufudukiswa kunye neflomu ye-carburcimeng nazo zineemfuno ezahlukeneyo zomxholo wekhabhoni kwi-carbide ye-carbide.
Ukwahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlula
Ukudityaniswa kotshintsho lweentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-tungsten powder, umxube we-winder kunye nomxholo we-binder we-binder, uhlobo lwesinyithi, uhlobo kunye nenani lokukhula kwe-gerabide, njl. Ezi parameter ziya kumisela ubume be-carbide ye-ceride kunye neepropathi zayo. Olunye udibaniso lwepropathi lube yinto ephambili kwizicelo ezithile zokwenza, zenza ukuba ibe nentsingiselo yokuphucula amabakala ahlukeneyo e-carbide.
Ezi nkqubo ziqhelekileyo zokuhlelwa kwezinto ezisetyenziswayo ze-carbide ezisetyenziswayo zomakhi zimatshini yinkqubo ye-C kunye nenkqubo ye-SOS. Nangona le nkqubo ibonisa ngokupheleleyo iipropathi eziphathekayo eziphembelela ekukhetheni amabakala e-carbide, zibonelela ngendawo yokuqala yengxoxo. Kwindawo nganye yokwahlula-hlula, abavelisi abaninzi banamabakala abo akhethekileyo, okukhokelela kumabakala ohlukeneyo e-carbide.
Amabakala e-carbide akwazi ukuhlelwa ngokwakhiwa. Amabakala e-tungsten ye-tungsten Amabakala alula equkayo ngokuyintloko ye-tungsten ye-tungsten kunye ne-cobalt ye-cobalt, kodwa inakho ukuqulatha izixa ezincinci zokukhulisa ukutya okuziinkozo. Ibakala le-microcrystalline liqulunqwe nge-tungsten ye-tungsten kunye ne-cobabalt Binder yongezwa ngamawaka ali-dadadide carbide (vc) kunye (okanye) i-chromium carbide (okanye) i-chromium carbide (kwaye ngaphantsi. Amabakala e-Alloty aqulunqwe nge-tungsten ye-tungsten kunye ne-cobalt ye-cobalt eneepesenti ezimbalwa ze-titanium carbide (i-Titu), i-Tital Carbide (i-TAC), i-NBC). Ezi zongezo zikwabizwa ngokuba zii-cubic carbides ngenxa yezinto zabo zesono. ULWAZI OLUFUMANELEKILEYO LOKWENZA ISANGQA YESITHATHU ZESITHATHU.
1) Amabakala e-carbde elula
La mabakala okusika isinyithi kuhlala kuqulatha i-3% ukuya kwi-12% yeCobalt (ngokobunzima). Uluhlu lobungakanani beengqolowa ze-tungsten luhlala phakathi kwe-1-8 m. Njengamanye amabakala, ukunciphisa ubungakanani be-sungsside ye-tungsten ye-tungsten yonyusa ubunzima bayo kunye nokugqobhoza amagqwirha (i-TRS), kodwa kunciphisa ubunzima bayo. Ubunzima bohlobo olunyulu luhlala luphakathi kweHRA8933.5; Amandla aguqukayo aqhubeka phakathi kwe-175-350ssi. Imigubo yala mabakala inokuba nenani elikhulu lezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo.
Amabakala odidi olulula anokwahlulwa abe yi-C1-C4 kwinkqubo yeBanga ye-C, kwaye anokubekwa ngokomgangatho we-K, N, S kunye nongcelele lweBanga leBanga le-IS. Amabakala e-elulax eneempawu eziphakathi anokuchazwa njengamabakala aqhelekileyo (njenge-C2 okanye i-C2 okanye i-C2 okanye i-C2 okanye i-C2 okanye k20) kwaye unokusetyenziselwa ukujika, ukugaya, ukubopha nokudinisa; Amabakala anebukhulu beenkozo ezincinci okanye umxholo osezantsi we-cobalt kunye nobunzima obuphezulu banokuhlelwa njengamaBanga okugqiba (njenge-C4 okanye k01); Amabakala anobukhulu obukhulu beenkozo okanye umxholo ophezulu we-cobalt kunye nokuba nobuchule obungcono kunokubekwa njengamabakala aphantsi kwamabakala (njenge-C1 okanye k30).
Izixhobo ezenziwe kumabakala e-acconx zingasetyenziselwa ukwenza i-iron yentsimbi, i-200 kunye ne-300 yentsimbi, ialuminiyam kunye nezinye izinyithi ezingezizo ezingenaxhala, i-supelloys kunye ne-supelloloys kunye ne-supelloloys kunye ne-supelloloys kunye ne-supelloloys kunye ne-supelloys kunye ne-supelloloys kunye ne-sceelloys kunye nezinye izinto ezinzima. La mabakala anokusetyenziswa kwizicelo ezingesositayile esingesosinyithi (umzekelo njengezixhobo zelitye kunye nezixhobo ze-geologing), kwaye la mabakala anobukhulu beenkozo ze-1.5-10μt (okanye ezinkulu) kunye nomxholo we-6% -16%. Olunye ulinga lokusika olungalunganga lwamanqanaba e-carbide elula kukwenze idyokhwe kunye ne-punches. La mabanga aqhelekileyo anobukhulu obuqhelekileyo obuqhelekileyo kunye nomxholo we-cobalt ye-16% -30%.
(2) Amabakala e-rocrystalline yamabakala e-carbide
Amabakala ahlala ane-6% -15 ye-Cobabat. Ngexesha lokulinganisa isigaba solwelo, ukongezwa kwe-ninadium carbide kunye / okanye i-chromium carbide kungalawula ukukhula kwengqolowa ukufumana isakhiwo esingaphantsi kwe-1 μm. Eli nqanaba lifanelekileyo linobuqili lukhulu kakhulu kunye nokugqobhoza okuguqukayo ngaphezulu kwe-500sksi. Ukudityaniswa kwamandla aphezulu kunye nobuqili obaneleyo kuvumela ukuba la manqanaba asebenzise i-angle enkulu ye-rake, enciphisa i-cutes cute kwaye ivelise i-chips emthambisi ngokusika izinto zentsimbi.
Ngokuchongwa komgangatho ongqongqo kwezinto ezahlukeneyo zolunyuzo kwimveliso ye-carbide ye-carbide, kunye nolawulo olungqongqo lwenkqubo yokuthintela ubuchule obukhulu bokuthintela ubuchule obukhulu, kunokwenzeka ukufumana iipropathi ezifanelekileyo zezinto ezibonakalayo. Ukuze ugcine ubungakanani beenkozo ezincinci kwaye iyunifomu, i-powcled ehlaziyiweyo iphinde isetyenziselwe kuphela ukuba kukho ulawulo olupheleleyo lwenkqubo yezinto eziluhlaza kunye nokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo, kunye novavanyo olubanzi lomgangatho.
Amabakala e-Microcrystalline anokuhlelwa ngokomphakamo we-M kwiNkqubo yeBanga le-IS. Ukongeza, ezinye iindlela zokuhlelwa kwinkqubo yebanga le-C kunye nenkqubo ye-ISO iyafana namabakala acocekileyo. Amabakala e-Microcystalline anokusetyenziselwa ukwenza izixhobo ezinqumle izixhobo zokusebenza, kuba umphezulu wesixhobo unokugungqa kwaye unokugcina umphetho osike kakhulu.
Amabakala e-Microcrystalline anokusetyenziselwa ukuya kumatshini we-superalloys-esekwe kwi-superalloys, njengoko bekwazi ukumelana namaqondo obushushu anqumle ukuya kwi-1200 ° C. Ukuqhubela phambili kwe-superalloys kunye nezinye izixhobo ezizodwa, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ze-microcrystalline kunye nezixhobo ezicocekileyo zenqanaba eline-ruthenium inokuphucula ukunyangwa kwabo nokunganyangeki. Amabakala e-Microcrystalline afanelekile ekwenzeni izixhobo ezijikelezayo ezinje ngee-drives ezivelisa uxinzelelo lwe-Shear. Kukho i-drill eyenziwe ngamabakala e-carbide yesandla. Kwiindawo ezithile zedrill efanayo, umxholo we-cobalt kwizinto ezibonakalayo uyahluka, ukuze ubunzima kunye nobunzima be-Drill bulungile ngokweemfuno zokulungisa.
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La mabakala asetyenziselwa ukusika iinxalenye zentsimbi, kwaye umxholo wazo we-Cobabat udla nge-5% -10%, kunye nobukhulu beenkozo ezivela kwi-0.8-211. Ngokongeza i-4% -25% ye-Titanium ye-titanim (iTic), utyekelo lwe-tungsten carbide (WC) ukuya kwinqanaba le-chips zentsimbi lincitshiswa. Ukomelela kwesixhobo, crater ukunxiba kunye nokunganyangeki kothuke ngenkani kunokuphuculwa ngokongeza ukuya kuthi ga kwi-25% ye-tantalm ye-tantalm ye-tentalm (i-TAC) kunye ne-Niobium Carbide (NBC). Ukongezwa kwezinto ezinjalo ze-cubige kukwandisa ubunzima obubomvu besixhobo, ukuncedisa ukunqanda ukwenziwa kwesixhobo se-thesmol yesixhobo ekunciphiseni ubunzima okanye eminye imisebenzi apho umda wokusika uya kuvelisa amaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Ukongeza, i-titanium carbide inokubonelela ngeziza ze-nucleing ngexesha lokuqalisa, ukuphucula ukufana kwe-cubic carbide yokusasazwa komsebenzi.
Ngokubanzi, ubunzima be-hards ye-Alocy-Ceed Inqanaba le-dra91-94, kunye namandla anqabileyo aqhekekileyo yi-150-300ksi. Xa kuthelekiswa namabanga amasubuki, amabakala aBanga abanamabanga ahluphekayo kunye namandla aphantsi, kodwa abe nokunganyangeki ngcono ukunxiba. Amabakala e-Aloy anokwahlulwa abe yi-C5-C8 kwinkqubo yeBanga ye-C, kwaye anokubekwa ngokomgangatho we-P kunye no-M kwiCandelo le-ISO. Amabakala aBalingane kunye nePhepha eliPhakathi linokuhlelwa njengamanqanaba aqhelekileyo aqhelekileyo (njenge-C6 okanye i-C6 okanye i-C6 okanye i-P30) kwaye inokusetyenziselwa ukutshintsha, ukucofa, ukucofa kunye nokugaya. Amanqanaba anzima kakhulu anokubekwa njengamaBanga okugqiba (njenge-C8 kunye ne-P01) ukugqiba ukusebenza kunye nokudinisa. La mabanga aqhelekileyo anobukhulu obuqhelekileyo beenkozo kunye nomxholo ophantsi we-cobalt ukufumana ubunzima obufunekayo kwaye banxibe ukunganyangeki. Nangona kunjalo, iipropathi ezifanayo zezinto ezifanayo ziya kufumaneka ngokongeza ii-carbider ze-cubic. Amabakala anokubakho aphezulu anokuhlelwa njengamabakala okuqondakali (umz. I-C5 okanye i-P50). La mabanga aqhelekileyo anobungakanani obuziinkozo ophakathi kunye nomxholo ophezulu we-cobalt, ongezelelo olusezantsi lwe-cubic carbides ukufezekisa ubunzima obufundileyo ngokuthintela ukukhula komgangatho. Kwintsebenzo ephazamisayo, intsebenzo yokusika inokuphuculwa ngokusebenzisa amabakala abhalwe apha ngasentla kunye nomxholo ophezulu we-cobalt kwisixhobo se-Cobalt kwisixhobo se-Cobalt kwisixhobo se-CoALT kwisixhobo se-Cobalt kwisixhobo se-CoALT kwisixhobo se-Cobalt kwisixhobo se-Cobalt kwisixhobo se-Cobalt kwisixhobo se-Cobalt kwisixhobo se-CoALT kwisixhobo se-Cobalt kwisixhobo se-Cobalt kwisixhobo.
Amabakala alowayo kunye nomxholo we-titanium ongezantsi asetyenziselwa ukwenziwe intsimbi engekho sinyithi kunye nentsimbi ebalaseleyo, kodwa inokusetyenziselwa i-stickel yentsimbi engeyiyo i-superalloys esekwe kwi-superalloys. Ubungakanani beenkozo zala mabakala buhlala ngaphantsi kwe-1 μm, kunye nomxholo we-cobalt yi-8% -12%. Amabanga anzima, anje nge-M10, inokusetyenziselwa ukujika i-iron yentsimbi; Amabakala aphezulu, anje nge-M40, unokusetyenziselwa ukugaya kunye nokudibanisa intsimbi, okanye ukuguqula intsimbi engenasitayile okanye i-superalloys.
I-Aleloty yohlobo lwezinto ezinamanqanaba e-Alloby inokusetyenziselwa iinjongo zokusika, ikakhulu ekwenzeni amaziko angazivumeliyo. Ubungakanani bentsumpa yala mabakala buhlala busithi 1.2-2 μm, kwaye umxholo weCobalt yi-7% -10%. Xa uvelisa la mabakala, ipesenti ephezulu yezixhobo ezihlaziyiweyo ezihlaziyiweyo zihlala zongezwa, zikhokelela ekusebenzeni kweendleko eziphezulu ekunxibe izicelo zexabiso. Iinxalenye zexabiso zifuna ukumelana nokuziphatha okuhle kunye nobunzima obuphezulu, ezinokufunyanwa ukongeza ngokudibanisa i-Nickel kunye neChromium Carbide xa ivelisa la mabakala.
Ukwenzela ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zobugcisa kunye noqoqosho lwabavelisi besixhobo, i-carbide powder yeyona nto iphambili. Imigudu eyenzelwe ukuba izixhobo zoomatshini bokwenza isixhobo kunye neeparamitha zenkqubo iqinisekisa ukusebenza kwe-ofisi yomsebenzi kwaye kukhokelele kumabakala e-carbide. Ubume obuphilayo bezixhobo ze-carbide kunye nokukwazi ukusebenza ngokuthe ngqo nabathengisi beepleyili kuvumela izixhobo zokwenza izixhobo ukuba zilawule ngokufanelekileyo imveliso yazo kunye neendleko zemveliso.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: I-Oct-18 ukuya kwi-2022
